ABSTRACT

Renewable energy technologies (RETs) are a key solution to help countries overcoming problems associated with energy insecurity, energy shortage, depletion of fossil fuels, increasing energy demand and in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Research, development and innovation (R, D& I) have been fundamental for nations to own, adapt, deploy and diffuse RETs, and therefore, to capture the related social, economic and environmental benefits. This article uses patent data to evaluate the Brazilian outputs regarding R&D&I in wind energy, solar photovoltaic, hybrid and electric vehicles and biofuel areas. This investigation also includes a diagnosis of the diffusion of these technologies, as well as institutional and policy factors related to RETs in Brazil. The assessment shows that R, D& I efforts in most of the RETs areas are weak and the country would benefit from increased investment in the development of specific RETs, and also from technology transfer opportunities. Despite a huge potential to capture benefits related to enhancing non-conventional RETs in transportation and in the power sector, the lack of planning and investments to foster R, D&I tends to reduce energy affordability in the long run and would also lead to higher dependence on fossil fuels in the future.

摘要

可再生能源技术 (RET) 是帮助各国克服与能源不安全、能源短缺、化石燃料枯竭、能源需求增加和减少温室气体排放相关的问题的关键解决方案。研究、开发和创新（R、D&I）一直是各国拥有、适应、部署和传播可再生能源技术并因此获得相关社会、经济和环境效益的基础。本文使用专利数据来评估巴西在风能、太阳能光伏、混合动力和电动汽车以及生物燃料领域的研发和创新成果。该调查还包括对这些技术传播的诊断，以及与巴西可再生能源技术相关的制度和政策因素。评估表明，R、D& 大多数可再生能源技术领域的努力都很薄弱，该国将受益于增加对特定可再生能源技术开发的投资以及技术转让机会。尽管在交通和电力部门获得与增强非常规可再生能源相关的收益的巨大潜力，但缺乏促进 R、D&I 的规划和投资，从长远来看往往会降低能源的可负担性，并且还会导致更高的依赖未来的化石燃料。