Abstract

We analysed the process of construction and connection to the electrical grid of four Spanish nuclear power plants with different financial and technological foreign partners: those of Zorita (PWR by Westinghouse), Garoña (BWR by General Electric) and Vandellós I (GCR by EDF) (belonging to the first generation of atomic plants and producing electricity from 1969–72) and that of Trillo I (PWR by KWU, connected in 1988). These four examples allow us to observe how the learning curve of nuclear engineering and the acquisition of skills by Spanish companies evolved. Progressively the domestic industry achieved higher levels of participation, fostered by the Ministry of Industry and Energy. When the atomic plants under construction were paralysed by the nuclear moratorium of 1984, and several other projects were abandoned by the utilities along the way, Spain had developed an industrial sector around the fabrication of service components and engineering for nuclear power plants to compete internationally.

摘要

我们分析了四家西班牙核电站的建设和连接电网的过程，这些核电站拥有不同的金融和技术外国合作伙伴：Zorita（西屋公司的 PWR）、Garoña（通用电气的 BWR）和 Vandellós I（EDF 的 GCR） （属于第一代原子工厂，1969-72 年发电）和 Trillo I （KWU 的 PWR，1988 年连接）。这四个例子让我们能够观察到核工程的学习曲线和西班牙公司的技能获取是如何演变的。在工业和能源部的推动下，国内工业的参与度逐步提高。当 1984 年的核暂停令正在建设中的原子能工厂瘫痪，沿途公用事业公司放弃了其他几个项目时，