ABSTRACT

Debates on languages have been omnipresent in the Moroccan public space since independence. This article examines the regimes of justification employed by language advocates to approach historically the norms of legitimacy, i.e., ‘the legitimate’. It argues that a new discourse on languages has emerged in 2011 in Morocco employing justice and equity as the main legitimating principles in language politics. After the phases of unity (justifying the Arabization policy, which replaced French by Standard Arabic in administrations, courts, and schools) and recognition (supporting the standardization of Tamazight and its recognition as an official language), the discursive shift to justice and equity in 2011 marks the entry of Morocco in a third phase in language politics and points out a shift in the norms underpinning political legitimacy. The article highlights that the 2011 uprisings in Morocco, though seemingly unsuccessful, did nonetheless provoke an evolution of ‘the legitimate’ in Moroccan politics.

摘要

自独立以来，关于语言的辩论在摩洛哥公共场所无处不在。本文考察了语言拥护者在历史上处理合法性规范（即“合法性”）时所采用的正当化制度。它认为，2011 年摩洛哥出现了一种新的语言话语，将正义和公平作为语言政治的主要合法化原则。在团结（证明阿拉伯化政策合理，在行政部门、法院和学校中用标准阿拉伯语取代法语）和承认（支持塔马塞特语的标准化及其作为官方语言的认可）阶段之后，话语向正义和公平的转变2011 年标志着摩洛哥进入语言政治的第三阶段，并指出支撑政治合法性的规范发生了转变。文章强调，2011 年摩洛哥的起义虽然看似不成功，但确实引发了摩洛哥政治中“合法”的演变。