Abstract

A compliance-based excavation on Parramatta River (western Sydney) found evidence of a brief visitation by Aboriginal people during the terminal Pleistocene (c.14 ka), from which an exotic raw material–medium-grained porphyroblastic andalusite-cordierite hornfels–was recovered. This raw material is rare in the region, only found in the Megalong Valley situated some 75 km west of the site in Parramatta, and separated from the site by the Blue Mountains–a 40 km wide, 1 km high dissected sandstone upland. Historical observations and geological evidence suggest that the Coxs River, which runs through the upland, formed the probable connection between the two locales. The formation of the site at c.14 ka, along with our broader understanding of the region, suggests that the upland was only explored after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and that the Great Dividing Range may have formed a significant barrier to early peopling of Sahul. Further, a delay between the end of the LGM and the exploration of the region implies populations were severely affected by the event and required considerable time to recover. The coincident timing of rapid sea-level rise from Meltwater Phase Pulse 1A and an increased supply of moisture associated with the Antarctic Climate Reversal at the time of many site initiations may have been factors in the upland and south west slopes visitation. Finally, the movement of the unusual hornfels artefact provides a coarse indication of the ranging territory for hunter-gatherers living in a temperate region (c. 8,000 km²) at this time. This is probably a lower estimate but begins to provide a quantitative value with which to begin to ratify the increasing divergence between archaeological and genomic studies in their definitions of mobility, sedentism and regional nomadism.

摘要

在帕拉马塔河（悉尼西部）上进行的一项基于合规性的发掘发现，证据表明原住民在更新世末期（约14 ka）曾短暂造访过该遗址，从中发现了一种异国情调的原材料-中等粒状的卟啉弹状和孔雀石－堇青石角f。 。这种原料在该地区是稀有的，仅在帕拉马塔遗址以西约75公里的Megalong山谷中发现，并与该遗址被蓝山分开-蓝山-宽40公里，高1公里的解剖砂岩高地。历史观察和地质证据表明，贯穿山地的考克斯河在两个地区之间形成了可能的联系。大约在14 ka形成了这个站点，加上我们对该地区的更广泛的了解，这表明高地仅在最后冰川期（LGM）之后才被探索，大分水岭可能已成为Sahul早期人种形成的重要障碍。此外，LGM结束与该地区勘探之间的延迟意味着该事件严重影响了人口，并需要相当长的时间才能恢复。融水相脉冲1A引起海平面迅速上升的时间以及在许多地点开始时与南极气候逆转相关的水分增加的同时发生，可能是高地和西南坡访问的因素。最后，不寻常的角f人工制品的运动为居住在温带地区（约8,000公里）的狩猎者和采集者提供了粗略的范围指示。LGM结束与该地区勘探之间的延迟意味着该事件严重影响了人口，并且需要相当长的时间才能恢复。融水相位脉冲1A引起海平面迅速上升的时间，以及许多地点开始时与南极气候逆转相关的水分增加的同时发生，可能是高地和西南坡访问的因素。最后，不寻常的角f人工制品的运动为居住在温带地区（约8,000公里）的狩猎者和采集者提供了粗略的范围指示。LGM结束与该地区勘探之间的延迟意味着该事件严重影响了人口，并且需要相当长的时间才能恢复。融水相脉冲1A引起海平面迅速上升的时间以及在许多地点开始时与南极气候逆转相关的水分增加的同时发生，可能是高地和西南坡访问的因素。最后，不寻常的角f人工制品的运动为居住在温带地区（约8,000公里）的狩猎采集者提供了粗略的范围指示。融水相脉冲1A引起海平面迅速上升的时间以及在许多地点开始时与南极气候逆转相关的水分增加的同时发生，可能是高地和西南坡访问的因素。最后，不寻常的角f人工制品的运动为居住在温带地区（约8,000公里）的狩猎者和采集者提供了粗略的范围指示。融水相脉冲1A引起海平面迅速上升的时间以及在许多地点开始时与南极气候逆转相关的水分增加的同时发生，可能是高地和西南坡访问的因素。最后，不寻常的角f人工制品的运动为居住在温带地区（约8,000公里）的狩猎者和采集者提供了粗略的范围指示。²）此时。这可能是一个较低的估计值，但开始提供一个定量的值，以此开始批准考古学和基因组研究在流动性，久坐主义和区域游牧主义定义方面日益增长的分歧。