This Part II of a two‐part article illustrates how research in evolutionary biology, anthropology, archeology, and psychology illuminates questions arising in philosophy—specifically questions about René Girard's theory of aggression. Part I looked at: (i) how old the systemic practice of severe aggression is; (ii) how much of it results from humanity's mimetic/social and competitive nature and how much from ecological, resource, and cultural conditions; and (iii) if ecological, resource, and cultural conditions are important, might we adapt this information toward greater cooperativity today? Part II investigates Girard's theory of ritual sacrifice—especially human sacrifice—as a societal steam valve for the systemic aggression explored in Part I. It draws on theories of play, theater, and art to examine the role and function of such ritual sacrifice.

中文翻译：

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哲学问题和生物学发现，第二部分：游戏，艺术，仪式和仪式牺牲

这个由两部分组成的文章的第二部分说明了进化生物学，人类学，考古学和心理学方面的研究如何阐明哲学中出现的问题，尤其是有关勒内·吉拉德（RenéGirard）侵略理论的问题。第一部分研究：（i）全身性年龄严重侵略的做法是；（ii）其中多少是由于人类的模仿/社会和竞争性质而产生的，又有多少是由于生态，资源和文化条件而产生的；（iii）如果生态，资源和文化条件很重要，那么我们今天是否可以使这些信息适应更大的合作性？第二部分研究吉拉德的祭祀理论，特别是人类祭祀，作为第一部分中探讨的系统性侵略的社会动力。它借鉴了游戏，戏剧和艺术的理论，研究了祭祀的作用和功能。