Research indicates that mortality rates are lower among the religious. Israeli ultra-orthodox Jews, called Haredim, have characteristics distinguishing them from the rest of the Jewish population in Israel. These include lower socioeconomic status, higher fertility rates and rates of young marriage, and isolation from the general population. Our retrospective cohort study aims to determine the difference in mortality rates between Haredi and non-Haredi Jews in Israel. We collected data on sociodemographic variables, religious lifestyle, and all-cause mortality for 1,230,636 Jewish Israelis (62,674 Haredim) between 1996 and 2016. Using Cox regression and adjusted Kaplan-Meier curves, we constructed models to evaluate the relationship between identifying as Haredi and mortality. The mortality rate was significantly lower among the Haredi population compared to the non-Haredi population (5.0 percent vs. 8.2 percent). After adjusting for sex, age, marital status, number of children, education, and socioeconomic status, we still found a higher mortality rate among non-Haredim compared to Haredim (HR = 1.596; 99 percent CI = 1.519, 1.678). While causal mechanisms could not be analyzed in this study, a likely cause is increased social, psychological, and religious resources, highlighting the need to consider factors other than socioeconomic status when studying religious and other groups with other forms of capital.

中文翻译：

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社会特征背景下以色列哈雷迪犹太人和非哈雷迪犹太人的死亡率差异

研究表明，宗教人士的死亡率较低。被称为 Haredim 的以色列极端正统犹太人具有区别于以色列其他犹太人口的特征。这些包括较低的社会经济地位、较高的生育率和年轻结婚率以及与一般人群的隔离。我们的回顾性队列研究旨在确定以色列哈雷迪犹太人和非哈雷迪犹太人的死亡率差异。我们收集了 1996 年至 2016 年 1,230,636 名以色列犹太人（62,674 Haredim）的社会人口统计学变量、宗教生活方式和全因死亡率的数据。使用 Cox 回归和调整后的 Kaplan-Meier 曲线，我们构建了模型来评估识别为 Haredi 和死亡。与非 Haredi 人群相比，Haredi 人群的死亡率明显较低（5.0% 对 8.2%）。在调整性别、年龄、婚姻状况、子女数量、教育和社会经济状况后，我们仍然发现非 Haredim 的死亡率高于 Haredim（HR = 1.596；99% CI = 1.519, 1.678）。虽然本研究无法分析因果机制，但一个可能的原因是社会、心理和宗教资源的增加，突出表明在研究具有其他形式资本的宗教和其他群体时需要考虑社会经济地位以外的因素。我们仍然发现非 Haredim 患者的死亡率高于 Haredim（HR = 1.596；99% CI = 1.519, 1.678）。虽然本研究无法分析因果机制，但一个可能的原因是社会、心理和宗教资源的增加，突出表明在研究具有其他形式资本的宗教和其他群体时需要考虑社会经济地位以外的因素。我们仍然发现非 Haredim 患者的死亡率高于 Haredim（HR = 1.596；99% CI = 1.519, 1.678）。虽然本研究无法分析因果机制，但一个可能的原因是社会、心理和宗教资源的增加，突出表明在研究具有其他形式资本的宗教和其他群体时需要考虑社会经济地位以外的因素。