It is still a matter of dispute whether entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) frameworks can be confined to a single industry in isolation, let alone whether such a sub-ecosystem approach can be employed in a domain that is distinct from the high-growth industries usually scrutinised in the literature. This article seeks to apply a systemic and dynamic EE perspective to the development of cultural and creative industries (CCIs) within an urban context, with a particular focus on how urban development interacts with the sub-ecosystem of this sector over time. An in-depth case study in the city of Porto (Portugal) revealed that existing EE frameworks are well-suited to research on creative sub-ecosystems. It also enabled us to flesh out associations with other entrepreneurial activities and policy domains within the city. We highlight the prominent roles of local culture and policies when the context is resource-constrained: policy led to an upward, positive spiral that moved Porto’s EE in relation to CCIs into a growth stage, during which it began to interact with, and faced resource competition from, high-tech entrepreneurship. We argue that having an integrated view of the dynamics of entrepreneurial sub-ecosystems and urban affairs can improve what is understood of productivity and causality in entrepreneurship.

中文翻译：

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波尔图文化创意产业的创业生态系统：一种子生态系统方法

创业生态系统（EE）框架是否可以孤立地局限于一个行业仍然是一个有争议的问题，更不用说这种子生态系统方法是否可以用于一个不同于通常审查的高增长行业的领域在文献中。本文试图将系统性和动态的 EE 视角应用于城市背景下文化和​​创意产业 (CCI) 的发展，特别关注城市发展如何随着时间的推移与该部门的子生态系统相互作用。在波尔图市（葡萄牙）进行的深入案例研究表明，现有的 EE 框架非常适合研究创意子生态系统。它还使我们能够充实与城市内其他创业活动和政策领域的联系。我们强调了在资源受限的情况下当地文化和政策的突出作用：政策导致向上的积极螺旋，使波尔图与 CCI 相关的 EE 进入增长阶段，在此期间它开始与资源互动并面临资源来自高科技创业的竞争。我们认为，综合看待创业子生态系统和城市事务的动态可以提高对创业生产力和因果关系的理解。