Viticulture and wine making are a key part of the socio-ecological landscape of central and south-central Chile. The sector is comprised of both dominant export-oriented companies (oriented to monoculture and agribusiness) and traditional small-scale production (more-or-less locally embedded and community oriented). Since the 1990s, different small-scale viticulture organizations emerged to deal with different challenges imposed by globalisation in a neoliberal institutional setting which favours extractive forms of productions (environmental resource intensive). In this article, we use the Alternative Food Network (AFN) theoretical framework and hybrid governance approach to analyse the governance tensions in five small-scale viticulture organisations from Marga-Marga, Lontué and Itata valleys. Using interviews and social cartography as methods, the study shows how the territorial strategies of AFNs shape governance tensions on three dimensions: geographic space, environmental resources and human relations. Finally, the article proposes a conceptual framework to understand the relationship between scalar dynamics and the socio-environmental core values, strategic objectives and societal missions of AFNs.

中文翻译：

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替代食品网络中的领土、环境和混合治理紧张局势：智利小规模葡萄栽培案例

葡萄栽培和酿酒是智利中部和中南部社会生态景观的重要组成部分。该部门由占主导地位的出口导向型公司（面向单一栽培和农业综合企业）和传统的小规模生产（或多或少地嵌入当地和面向社区）组成。自 1990 年代以来，出现了不同的小型葡萄栽培组织，以应对全球化在新自由主义制度环境中带来的不同挑战，这种环境有利于生产的采掘形式（环境资源密集型）。在本文中，我们使用替代食品网络 (AFN) 理论框架和混合治理方法来分析来自 Marga-Marga、Lontué 和 Itata 山谷的五个小型葡萄栽培组织的治理压力。使用访谈和社会制图作为方法，该研究展示了 AFN 的领土战略如何在三个维度上塑造治理紧张局势：地理空间、环境资源和人际关系。最后，本文提出了一个概念框架，以理解标量动态与 AFN 的社会环境核心价值、战略目标和社会使命之间的关系。