Childhood is a time when children begin to constitute themselves as gendered subjects largely according to social norms that are rigidly framed within dominant discourses of heteronormative binary gender. This paper is based on the life histories of 42 sexuality and gender diverse adult men and transgender women conducted in PNG. Findings offer insight into the ways in which boys transgressed gender norms through dress, play, work within the home and in dance. We argue that gender transgression in childhood is not a contemporary phenomena and such childhood experiences of boys in PNG should be recognised as part of the country's rich cultural diversity.

中文翻译：

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巴布亚新几内亚“男孩”中的性别多样性：幼儿期相同和不同的记忆

童年时代是儿童开始主要根据异性规范二元性别主导性话语中严格规定的社会规范，将自己作为性别主体的时候。本文基于在巴布亚新几内亚进行的42位性别和不同性别的成年男性和跨性别女性的生活史。调查结果提供了对男孩如何通过着装，娱乐，家庭工作和舞蹈超越性别规范的见解。我们认为，儿童时期的跨性别犯罪不是当代现象，巴布亚新几内亚男孩的这种童年经历应被视为该国丰富文化多样性的一部分。