Over the last twenty years, Brazil has staked successive claims to regional leadership, with varying explicitness and unclear success. What factors explain the acceptance or rejection of such claims by South American countries? This article summarises the literature on regional powers and frames regional powerhood as arising from geographical belonging, resources, and will to lead; and leadership/followership as stemming from exclusivity, hierarchy/influence, consensus, and provision. By analysing panel data on Brazil and South America from 1995 to 2015, the study concludes that Brasilia enjoyed higher followership in situations characterised by high exclusivity and consensus, and low hierarchy and provision. These conditions were present in South America in the 1990s, thus rendering that decade more receptive to Brazilian leadership.

中文翻译：

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重新审视巴西地区领导力：测试南美追随者的长期决定因素（1995-2015）

在过去的 20 年里，巴西不断声称自己是地区领导者，但其成功程度各不相同。哪些因素可以解释南美国家接受或拒绝此类主张？本文总结了有关地区权力的文献，并将地区权力界定为由地域归属、资源和领导意愿所产生；和领导/追随源于排他性、等级/影响、共识和供应。通过分析 1995 年至 2015 年巴西和南美洲的面板数据，该研究得出结论，巴西利亚在具有高度排他性和共识性以及低等级和低供给的情况下享有更高的追随者。这些条件在 1990 年代出现在南美洲，从而使那十年更容易接受巴西的领导。