Some anthropologists have developed “processual” approaches to classification, arguing that we should turn our attention from reified categories to processes of categorization. A focus on how gamblers in Luang Prabang, Laos, use the categories “gambling for beer” and “gambling for money” makes clear that an adequate processual approach must disentangle two kinds of typification: one generic, one specific. People in Luang Prabang are drawn to categories of gambling as tools for both painting the world abstractly (generics) and putting action under a description (specifics). Distinguishing these two kinds of typification resolves the apparent tension between “ideal types” and messy “practice,” and it redirects the study of human classification toward understanding how people mobilize categories for diverse moral ends. [moral economy, gifts, commodities, ideal types, typification, reflexivity, processualization, Luang Prabang, Laos]

中文翻译：

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“不要和朋友赌钱”

一些人类学家已经开发出“过程性”的分类方法，认为我们应该将注意力从分类化的类别转向分类的过程。对老挝琅勃拉邦的赌徒如何使用“赌博喝啤酒”和“赌博赚钱”类别的关注清楚地表明，适当的程序性方法必须使两种类型的混淆不清：一种是通用的，一种是特定的。琅勃拉邦的人们都将赌博归类为赌博工具，既可以抽象地描绘世界（泛型），又可以将动作置于描述下（特定）。区分这两种类型的类型化解决了“理想类型”和凌乱的“实践”之间的明显张力，并将人类分类的研究重定向到理解人们如何为各种道德目的动员类别。[道德经济，礼物，商品，理想类型，典型性，反身性，程序化，琅勃拉邦，老挝]