This study examines the impact of external environment on social enterprises’ revenues strategies. Using a national survey of 1250 social enterprises in Canada, this study tests whether institutional constraints and market competition affect commercialization and revenue diversification of social enterprises. The results suggest that social enterprises’ revenue strategies are associated with both institutional constraints and market competition. With institutional constraints, for-profit and cooperative social enterprises rely more on commercial revenues and have a less diverse revenue structure than their nonprofit counterparts. In addition, social enterprises with parent organizations tend to be more commercialized. With market competition, specialist social enterprises providing social services have a more concentrated revenue structure than generalist social enterprises, while specialist social enterprises providing culture services rely less on commercial revenues and have a more diverse revenue structure than generalist social enterprises. The findings offer implications for social enterprises to rethink financial flexibility and autonomy.

中文翻译：

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制度约束、市场竞争和收入策略：来自加拿大社会企业的证据

本研究考察了外部环境对社会企业收入战略的影响。本研究通过对加拿大 1250 家社会企业的全国调查，检验制度约束和市场竞争是否影响社会企业的商业化和收入多元化。结果表明，社会企业的收入战略与制度约束和市场竞争有关。由于制度限制，营利性和合作性社会企业更多地依赖商业收入，收入结构比非营利组织少。此外，拥有母公司的社会企业往往更加商业化。随着市场竞争，提供社会服务的专业社会企业的收入结构比一般社会企业更集中，而提供文化服务的专业社会企业比一般社会企业对商业收入的依赖较少，收入结构更加多样化。研究结果为社会企业重新思考财务灵活性和自主权提供了启示。