Living arrangements of older adults have often been studied as a measure of the support available to them. Given the rapidly ageing and low fertility context of Singapore where the prevalence of older adults living alone and without children is expected to increase, we construct multistate life tables to estimate the number of years that older persons can expect to live in different living arrangements at a population level (population-based) as well as based on their initial living arrangement (status-based). We focus particularly on whether there are gender differences in the expected years of life in different living arrangement states. We use the Panel on Health and Ageing of Singaporean Elderly, a 2009 nationally representative survey of 4990 Singaporeans aged 60 years and older, with follow-up surveys in 2011 and 2015. In calculating the probabilities of transition between different states, we control for number of children, housing type, and time-varying ADL limitations. We find that at age 60, women can expect to spend more than twice the proportion (18%) of their remaining lives living alone compared to men (7%). Status-based estimates indicate that the proportion of remaining years living with a child is higher for women initially living alone, with a spouse only or already with a child, compared to males. Our results indicate that while older women are more likely to live alone compared to their male counterparts, older women living alone are also more likely to transition to living with children. Our research sheds light on the importance of expanding research on life expectancy beyond health, to consider analysis using other forms of social stratification, particularly gender differences in states of living arrangement.

老年人的生活安排经常被研究作为衡量他们可获得的支持的标准。鉴于新加坡快速老龄化和低生育率的背景下，独居且没有孩子的老年人的比例预计会增加，我们构建了多状态寿命表来估计老年人在不同生活安排下预计可以生活的年数人口水平（基于人口）以及基于他们最初的生活安排（基于状态）。我们特别关注在不同居住安排状态下的预期寿命是否存在性别差异。我们使用 Panel on Health and Aging of Singaporean Elderly，这是一项 2009 年对 4990 名 60 岁及以上新加坡人进行的具有全国代表性的调查，并在 2011 年和 2015 年进行了后续调查。在计算不同状态之间转换的概率时，我们控制了儿童数量、住房类型和随时间变化的 ADL 限制。我们发现，与男性 (7%) 相比，在 60 岁时，女性独自生活的剩余时间比例 (18%) 是男性的两倍多。基于身份的估计表明，与男性相比，最初独居、只有配偶或已经有了孩子的女性与孩子共同生活的剩余年限比例更高。我们的结果表明，虽然与男性相比，老年女性更有可能独居，但独居的老年女性也更有可能过渡到与孩子同住。我们的研究阐明了将预期寿命研究扩展到健康之外的重要性，