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Preferences, Partners, and Parenthood: Linking Early Fertility Desires, Marriage Timing, and Achieved Fertility
Demography ( IF 4.222 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-12 , DOI: 10.1007/s13524-020-00927-y
Natalie Nitsche 1 , Sarah R Hayford 2
Affiliation  

In the United States, underachieving fertility desires is more common among women with higher levels of education and those who delay first marriage beyond their mid-20s. However, the relationship between these patterns, and particularly the degree to which marriage postponement explains lower fertility among the highly educated, is not well understood. We use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort to analyze differences in parenthood and achieved parity for men and women, focusing on the role of marriage timing in achieving fertility goals over the life course. We expand on previous research by distinguishing between entry into parenthood and average parity among parents as pathways to underachieving, by considering variation in the impact of marriage timing by education and by stage of the life course, and by comparing results for men and women. We find that women with a bachelor’s degree who desired three or more children are less likely to become mothers relative to women with the same desired family size who did not attend college. Conditional on becoming mothers, however, women with at least a bachelor’s degree do not have lower completed family size. No comparable fatherhood difference by desired family size is present. Postponing marriage beyond age 30 is associated with lower proportions of parenthood but not with lower parity among parents. Age patterns are similar for women and men, pointing at social rather than biological factors driving the underachievement of fertility goals.

中文翻译:

偏好、伴侣和为人父母:将早期生育愿望、结婚时机和实现生育联系起来

在美国,受教育程度较高的女性和将初婚推迟到 20 多岁的女性更容易实现生育愿望。然而,特别是这些度模式之间的关系,到婚姻推迟解释受过高等教育的人生育率较低,这一点尚不清楚。我们使用来自 1979 年全国青年纵向调查队列的数据来分析男性和女性在为人父母和实现均等方面的差异,重点关注结婚时机在一生中实现生育目标中的作用。我们通过区分进入父母身份和父母之间的平均生育率作为导致成绩不佳的途径,通过考虑不同教育和生命历程阶段对婚姻时间影响的变化,以及通过比较男性和女性的结果,扩展了先前的研究。我们发现,与家庭规模相同但没有上过大学的女性相比,拥有三个或更多孩子的学士学位的女性更不可能成为母亲。然而,以成为母亲为条件,至少拥有学士学位的妇女的完整家庭人数并没有减少。不存在按预期家庭规模划分的可比父亲身份差异。30 岁以后推迟结婚与较低的父母比例有关,但与较低的父母之间的平等无关。女性和男性的年龄模式相似,指向导致生育目标未能实现的社会因素而非生物学因素。
更新日期:2020-11-12
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