During the era of mass incarceration, a history of felony convictions and imprisonment imposes legal and extra-legal sanctions that strip individuals of rights—what Miller and Alexander (2016) call “carceral citizenship.” Despite the wide-reaching structural constraints that accompany the identity of being formerly incarcerated, many individuals enact their agency with civic engagement to reshape boundaries around individual and collective identity. Building from past convict criminology research (e.g., Ross and Richards 2003), we address the gap of including formerly incarcerated people into policymaking and community organizing around penal system reform. We offer expanded conceptualization of “carceral citizenship” and provide a framework for the transformation of practices that constitute carceral systems. As Goodman and colleagues (2017) demonstrate, the reformation of penal systems is not simply a result of the mechanical swing of a pendulum. Instead, the ongoing contestation between different stakeholders shapes criminal justice. Borrowing foundational theoretical concepts from multiple critical criminology perspectives, we frame the role of “carceral citizenship” within the transformation of the penal system reform.

中文翻译：

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监狱公民身份作为力量：以前被监禁的活动家、公民参与和刑事司法转型

在大规模监禁的时代，重罪定罪和监禁的历史强加了剥夺个人权利的法律和法外制裁——米勒和亚历山大（2016）称之为“监狱公民”。尽管先前被监禁的身份伴随着广泛的结构性限制，但许多人通过公民参与制定了他们的机构，以重塑围绕个人和集体身份的界限。基于过去的罪犯犯罪学研究（例如，Ross 和 Richards 2003），我们解决了将以前被监禁的人纳入围绕刑罚制度改革的政策制定和社区组织的差距。我们提供了“监狱公民”的扩展概念，并为构成监狱系统的实践转变提供了一个框架。正如古德曼及其同事（2017）所证明的，刑罚制度的改革不仅仅是钟摆机械摆动的结果。相反，不同利益相关者之间的持续争论塑造了刑事司法。从多个批判犯罪学的角度借用基础理论概念，我们构建了“监狱公民”在刑罚制度改革转型中的作用。