Urban planning is transitioning away from the ‘Predict and Provide’ approach that accommodates automobility and towards the ‘Demand Management’ approach that prioritises alternatives that include active, shared, and public transport and restricts the convenience of automobility. While this transition could prove a sustainable solution for urban mobility, individuals already residing within auto-dependent settings may be unwilling or unable to relocate to high urban density where the alternatives are more viable. As such, restricting the automobility of these individuals potentially leaves them stranded throughout the urban form. The ‘Multimodalism’ approach is a pragmatic alternative that provides Park `n’ Rides, Kiss `n’ Rides, and feeder transit services that ensure everyone has access to rapid public transport yet the approach receives relatively little research attention. As such, researchers, policy makers, and planners are poorly equipped to influence intended multimodal travel behaviours or discourage the unintended such as ‘railheading’ towards more distantly located PnR. In this study, the transport planning and social psychology literature is examined to develop a conceptual model of travel behaviour, and for the first time, railheading behaviour is examined at the metropolitan-scale and explained using the conceptual model. The conceptual model and research findings strengthen the theoretical and empirical foundations for understanding travel behaviour, which in turn supports planning authorities and practitioners in promoting more sustainable transport behaviour, and in preparing for an urban future where Mobility-as-a-Service, ride-hailing, ride-sharing, eScooters, and autonomous vehicles become more integrated and commonplace.

城市规划正在从适应机动性的“预测并提供”方法过渡到“需求管理”方法，该方法优先考虑包括主动，共享和公共交通在内的替代方案，并限制了机动性的便利性。虽然这种过渡可以证明是一种可持续的城市交通解决方案，但已经居住在自动依赖环境中的个人可能不愿意或无法搬迁到替代方案更为可行的高城市密度。因此，限制这些人的机动性可能使他们陷入整个城市形式的困境。“多式联运”方法是一种实用的替代方案，它提供了Park'n'Rides，Kiss`n'Rides，以及可以确保每个人都能获得快速公共交通的支线运输服务，但这种方法受到的研究关注相对较少。因此，研究人员，政策制定者和计划者的装备不足，无法影响预期的多式联运行为，或阻止意想不到的事情，例如“驶向远处的PnR”。在这项研究中，研究了运输计划和社会心理学文献，以开发出旅行行为的概念模型，并且首次在大都市范围内研究了轨头行为，并使用该概念模型进行了解释。概念模型和研究结果加强了理解旅行行为的理论和经验基础，