Purpose

A narrative review of existing research literature was conducted to identify practices that are likely to improve the quality of de-escalation and use-of-force training for police officers.

Design/methodology/approach

Previous reviews of de-escalation and use-of-force training literature were examined to identify promising training practices, and more targeted literature searches of various databases were undertaken to learn more about the potential impact of each practice on a trainee's ability to learn, retain, and transfer their training. Semi-structured interviews with five subject matter experts were also conducted to assess the degree to which they believed the identified practices were relevant to de-escalation and use-of-force training, and would enhance the quality of such training.

Findings

Twenty practices emerged from the literature search. Each was deemed relevant and useful by the subject matter experts. These could be mapped on to four elements of training: (1) commitment to training (e.g. securing organizational support for training), (2) development of training (e.g. aligning training formats with learning objectives), (3) implementation of training (e.g. providing effective corrective feedback) and (4) evaluation and ongoing assessment of training (e.g. using multifaceted evaluation tools to monitor and modify training as necessary).

Originality/value

This review of training practices that may be relevant to de-escalation and use-of-force training is the broadest one conducted to date. The review should prompt more organized attempts to quantify the effectiveness of the training practices (e.g. through meta-analyses), and encourage more focused testing in a police training environment to determine their impact.

中文翻译：

---

警察环境中降级和使用武力培训的有希望的做法：叙述性审查

目的

对现有研究文献进行了叙述性审查，以确定可能提高警官降级和使用武力培训质量的做法。

设计/方法/方法

检查了先前对降级和使用武力培训文献的审查，以确定有希望的培训实践，并对各种数据库进行更有针对性的文献搜索，以更多地了解每种实践对受训者学习、保留能力的潜在影响，并转移他们的训练。还与五名主题专家进行了半结构化访谈，以评估他们认为确定的做法与降级和使用武力培训相关的程度，并将提高此类培训的质量。

发现

从文献检索中出现了 20 种做法。每一个都被主题专家认为是相关和有用的。这些可以映射到培训的四个要素：(1) 对培训的承诺（例如确保对培训的组织支持），（2）培训的发展（例如使培训形式与学习目标保持一致），（3）培训的实施（例如提供有效的纠正反馈）和 (4) 评估和持续评估培训（例如，使用多方面的评估工具来监控和根据需要修改培训）。

原创性/价值

对可能与降级和使用武力培训相关的培训实践的审查是迄今为止进行的最广泛的审查。审查应促使更有组织地尝试量化培训实践的有效性（例如通过元分析），并鼓励在警察培训环境中进行更有针对性的测试以确定其影响。