In the face of accelerating climate change, the transition towards a nonnuclear renewable energy system represents a key political challenge, which can be aggravated by the increasing energy supply uncertainty created by the shift away from fossil fuels. In this article, we conduct a comparison of the expansion of renewable energy sources in Austria, Belgium, and Germany at the level of their subnational units (federal states), thereby covering three economically very important central European federal European Union members. We consider potentially influential factors in a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis: In addition to state-specific socioeconomic and geographical characteristics, political factors, such as parties in government, and specific energy-related policy instruments are included in the analysis. We find that a high potential for renewable electricity expansion in combination with low financial prosperity is most likely to lead to a successful expansion of renewable electricity production from wind and photovoltaics.

中文翻译：

---

联邦环境中可再生能源的扩展：奥地利、比利时和德国的比较

面对加速的气候变化，向非核可再生能源系统过渡是一项关键的政治挑战，而远离化石燃料所造成的能源供应不确定性日益增加，这可能会加剧这一挑战。在本文中，我们在奥地利、比利时和德国的次国家单位（联邦国家）层面对可再生能源的扩张进行了比较，从而涵盖了三个在经济上非常重要的中欧联邦欧盟成员国。我们在模糊集定性比较分析中考虑了潜在的影响因素：除了特定于国家的社会经济和地理特征外，分析中还包括政治因素，如政府政党和特定的能源相关政策工具。