Various forms of cell death have been identified over the last decades with each relying on a different subset of proteins for the activation and execution of their respective pathway(s). In addition to the three best characterized pathways—apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis—other forms of regulated cell death including autophagy‐dependent cell death (ADCD), mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP)‐mediated necrosis, parthanatos, NETosis and ferroptosis, and their relevance for organismal homeostasis are becoming better understood. Importantly, it is increasingly clear that none of these pathways operate alone. Instead, a more complex picture is emerging with many pathways sharing components and signaling principles. Finally, a number of cell death regulators are implicated in human diseases and represent attractive therapeutic targets. Therefore, better understanding of physiological and mechanistic aspects of cell death signaling should yield improved reagents for addressing unmet medical needs.

中文翻译：

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细胞死亡途径：错综复杂的联系和疾病影响

在过去的几十年中，已经确定了各种形式的细胞死亡，每一种都依赖于不同的蛋白质子集来激活和执行它们各自的途径。除了三个最典型的途径——细胞凋亡、坏死性凋亡和细胞焦亡——其他形式的调节性细胞死亡，包括自噬依赖性细胞死亡 (ADCD)、线粒体通透性转换孔 (MPTP) 介导的坏死、parthanatos、NETosis 和 ferroptosis，以及它们与有机体稳态的相关性正在得到更好的理解。重要的是，越来越清楚的是，这些途径都不是单独运作的。相反，一个更复杂的画面正在出现，许多途径共享组件和信号原理。最后，许多细胞死亡调节剂与人类疾病有关，并代表了有吸引力的治疗目标。因此，更好地了解细胞死亡信号的生理和机制方面应该会产生改进的试剂来解决未满足的医疗需求。