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Climate and land-use effects on hydrological and vegetation signals during the last three millennia: Evidence from sedimentary leaf waxes in southwestern Morocco
The Holocene ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 , DOI: 10.1177/0959683620988053
Asmae Baqloul 1 , Enno Schefuß 2 , Martin Kölling 2 , Lydie Dupont 2 , Jeroen Groeneveld 3 , Xueqin Zhao 2 , Hanane Reddad 4 , Lhoussaine Bouchaou 1, 5 , Ilham Bouimetarhan 1, 2, 6
Affiliation  

The southwest of Morocco is considered to be an area of refuge within the Mediterranean region, hosting the endemic tropical Argan tree. This region is presently subject to severe droughts, desertification and land degradation, and likely facing increased climate variability and socio-economic stress in the future. Here, we use the stable hydrogen and carbon isotope composition (δD and δ13C) of plant-waxes in a high-resolution marine sediment core (GeoB8601-3) collected off Cape Ghir in southwestern Morocco, in combination with published data on pollen and XRF element ratios from the same archive. We aim to reconstruct the hydroclimate and vegetation history during the last 3000 years. Stable carbon isotope compositions of leaf waxes (δ13Cwax) show that natural vegetation in southwestern Morocco consists of C3 plants. Minor variations in δ13Cwax were positively correlated to changes in stable hydrogen isotope compositions of leaf waxes (δDwax) before 700 CE. Changes in rainfall amounts and water use efficiency indicate a clear vegetation response to precipitation changes and thus to climate forcing. After 700 CE, δDwax and δ13Cwax became de-coupled suggesting that the plant wax discharge and their isotope signals were no longer solely controlled by climate; the waxes likely mainly originate from the lowlands and carry an enriched (dry) δD signal but a depleted 13C signature. The depletion of δ13Cwax correlates with the increase of Argan pollen concentration in the record. The period between ~700 and 900 CE coincides with the Arabization of Morocco which had an impact on the demographic composition of the country leading to new agricultural habits and, as a result, on the land-use triggering a higher erosion of lowland material by the Souss River.



中文翻译:

近三千年来气候和土地利用对水文和植被信号的影响:摩洛哥西南部沉积蜡叶的证据

摩洛哥的西南部被认为是地中海地区的避难所,这里有热带特有的Argan树。该地区目前遭受严重的干旱,荒漠化和土地退化,并且未来可能面临越来越多的气候变化和社会经济压力。在这里,我们使用稳定的氢和碳同位素组成(δD和δ 13植物蜡C)在西南部摩洛哥收集休普Ghir高分辨率海洋沉积物核(GeoB8601-3),结合于花粉公布的数据和同一档案中的XRF元素比率。我们的目标是重建过去3000年的水文气候和植被历史。叶蜡碳同位素组合物(δ 13 C ^)表明摩洛哥西南部的自然植被由C 3植物组成。在δ的微小变化13 Ç呈正相关于叶蜡(δD的稳定的氢同位素组成的变化前700 CE)。降雨量和水分利用效率的变化表明植被对降水变化以及对气候强迫的反应清晰。700 CE后,δD和δ 13 C ^成为去耦合表明植物蜡放电和它们的同位素信号分别不再完全由气候控制; 蜡可能主要来自低地,并携带丰富的(干燥)δD信号,但消耗的13C签名。δ的耗尽13 Ç相关因素与摩洛哥坚果花粉浓度的在记录的增加。约公元700年至900年之间正值摩洛哥的阿拉伯化,这对摩洛哥的人口结构产生了影响,导致了新的农业习惯,结果,对土地利用造成了低地物质侵蚀的加剧。苏斯河。

更新日期:2021-01-13
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