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Sub-Regional Differences of the Human Amniotic Membrane and Their Potential Impact on Tissue Regeneration Application
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 , DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.613804
Adelheid Weidinger , Laura Poženel , Susanne Wolbank , Asmita Banerjee

For more than 100 years, the human amniotic membrane (hAM) has been used in multiple tissue regeneration applications. The hAM consists of cells with stem cell characteristics and a rich layer of extracellular matrix. Undoubtedly, the hAM with viable cells has remarkable properties such as the differentiation potential into all three germ layers, immuno-modulatory, and anti-fibrotic properties. At first sight, the hAM seems to be one structural entity. However, by integrating its anatomical location, the hAM can be divided into placental, reflected, and umbilical amniotic membrane. Recent studies show that cells of these amniotic sub-regions differ considerably in their properties such as morphology, structure, and content/release of certain bioactive factors. The aim of this review is to summarize these findings and discuss the relevance of these different properties for tissue regeneration. In summary, reflected amnion seems to be more immuno-modulatory and could have a higher reprogramming efficiency, whereas placental amnion seems to be pro-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, with higher proliferation and differentiation capacity (e.g., chondrogenic and osteogenic), and could be more suitable for certain graft constructions. Therefore, we suggest that the respective hAM sub-region should be selected in consideration of its desired outcome. This will help to optimize and fine-tune the clinical application of the hAM.

中文翻译:

人羊膜的亚区域差异及其对组织再生应用的潜在影响

100 多年来,人类羊膜 (hAM) 已用于多种组织再生应用。hAM 由具有干细胞特征的细胞和丰富的细胞外基质层组成。毫无疑问,具有活细胞的 hAM 具有显着的特性,例如向所有三个胚层的分化潜力、免疫调节和抗纤维化特性。乍一看,hAM 似乎是一个结构实体。然而,通过整合其解剖位置,可以将 hAM 分为胎盘、反射和脐带羊膜。最近的研究表明,这些羊膜亚区的细胞在形态、结构和某些生物活性因子的含量/释放等特性方面存在很大差异。本综述的目的是总结这些发现并讨论这些不同特性与组织再生的相关性。总之,反射羊膜似乎更具免疫调节作用,可能具有更高的重编程效率,而胎盘羊膜似乎具有促炎性、促血管生成性,具有更高的增殖和分化能力(例如,成软骨和成骨),并且可以更适合某些嫁接结构。因此,我们建议在考虑其预期结果的情况下选择相应的 hAM 子区域。这将有助于优化和微调 hAM 的临床应用。而胎盘羊膜似乎是促炎的、促血管生成的,具有更高的增殖和分化能力(例如,成软骨和成骨),并且可能更适合某些移植结构。因此,我们建议在考虑其预期结果的情况下选择相应的 hAM 子区域。这将有助于优化和微调 hAM 的临床应用。而胎盘羊膜似乎是促炎的、促血管生成的,具有更高的增殖和分化能力(例如,成软骨和成骨),并且可能更适合某些移植结构。因此,我们建议应根据其预期结果选择相应的 hAM 子区域。这将有助于优化和微调 hAM 的临床应用。
更新日期:2021-01-13
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