Barrier islands are indicators of coastal resilience. Previous studies have proven that barrier islands are surprisingly resilient to extreme storm events. At present, little is known about barrier systems’ resilience to seismic events triggering tsunamis, co-seismic subsidence, and liquefaction. The objective of this study is, therefore, to investigate the morphological resilience of the barrier islands in responding to those secondary effects of seismic activity of the Sumatra–Andaman subduction zone and the Great Sumatran Fault system. Spatial analysis in Geographical Information Systems (GIS) was utilized to detect shoreline changes from the multi-source datasets of centennial time scale, including old topographic maps and satellite images from 1898 until 2017. Additionally, the earthquake and tsunami records and established conceptual models of storm effects to barrier systems, are corroborated to support possible forcing factors analysis. Two selected coastal sections possess different geomorphic settings are investigated: (1) Lambadeuk, the coast overlying the Sumatran Fault system, (2) Kuala Gigieng, located in between two segments of the Sumatran Fault System. Seven consecutive pairs of comparable old topographic maps and satellite images reveal remarkable morphological changes in the form of breaching, landward migrating, sinking, and complete disappearing in different periods of observation. While semi-protected embayed Lambadeuk is not resilient to repeated co-seismic land subsidence, the wave-dominated Kuala Gigieng coast is not resilient to the combination of tsunami and liquefaction events. The mega-tsunami triggered by the 2004 earthquake led to irreversible changes in the barrier islands on both coasts.

中文翻译：

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屏障群岛对极端事件的抵抗力：地震和海啸是否起着作用？

隔离岛是沿海复原力的指标。先前的研究证明，屏障岛对极端风暴事件具有惊人的复原力。目前，对于屏障系统对触发海啸，同震沉陷和液化的地震事件的复原力知之甚少。因此，本研究的目的是研究屏障岛的形态弹性，以应对苏门答腊－安达曼俯冲带和苏门答腊大断裂带地震活动的次要影响。地理信息系统（GIS）中的空间分析被用来检测百年时间尺度的多源数据集的海岸线变化，包括从1898年到2017年的旧地形图和卫星图像。此外，证实了地震和海啸记录以及建立的风暴对屏障系统的概念模型，以支持可能的强迫因素分析。研究了两个选定的海岸剖面，它们具有不同的地貌设置：（1）覆盖苏门答腊断裂系统的海岸兰巴德克（2）位于苏门答腊断裂系统两段之间的瓜拉吉根（Kuala Gigieng）。连续七对可比较的旧地形图和卫星图像以不同的观测时期显示出显着的形态变化，表现为破坏，陆运，下沉和完全消失的形式。尽管半保护性的兰巴德克（Lambadeuk）对反复的同震地面沉降没有抵抗力，但波浪主导的瓜拉吉根（Kuala Gigieng）海岸对海啸和液化事件的结合却没有抵抗力。