Human interactions are often improvised rather than scripted, which suggests that efficient coordination can emerge even when collective plans are largely underspecified. One possibility is that such forms of coordination primarily rely on mutual influences between interactive partners, and on perception–action couplings such as entrainment or mimicry. Yet some forms of improvised joint actions appear difficult to explain solely by appealing to these emergent mechanisms. Here, we focus on collective free improvisation, a form of highly unplanned creative practice where both agents' subjective reports and the complexity of their interactions suggest that shared intentions may sometimes emerge to support coordination during the course of the improvisation, even in the absence of verbal communication. In four experiments, we show that shared intentions spontaneously emerge during collective musical improvisations, and that they foster coordination on multiple levels, over and beyond the mere influence of shared information. We also show that musicians deploy communicative strategies to manifest and propagate their intentions within the group, and that this predicts better coordination. Overall, our results suggest that improvised and scripted joint actions are more continuous with one another than it first seems, and that they differ merely in the extent to which they rely on emergent or planned coordination mechanisms.

中文翻译：

---

在集体音乐即兴创作过程中，紧急的共同意图支持协调

人与人之间的互动通常是即兴的，而不是脚本化的，这表明即使集体计划在很大程度上没有明确规定，也可以出现有效的协调。一种可能性是，这种形式的协调主要依赖于互动伙伴之间的相互影响，以及感知-动作耦合，如夹带或模仿。然而，某些形式的即兴联合行动似乎难以仅通过诉诸这些新兴机制来解释。在这里，我们专注于集体自由即兴创作，这是一种高度无计划的创造性实践形式，其中双方的主观报告和他们互动的复杂性表明，即使在即兴创作过程中，有时也会出现共同意图以支持协调口头交流。在四个实验中，我们表明，在集体音乐即兴创作期间，共同的意图会自发地出现，并且它们在多个层面上促进协调，而不仅仅是共享信息的影响。我们还表明，音乐家会部署交流策略来在团体内表达和传播他们的意图，这预示着更好的协调。总体而言，我们的结果表明，即兴和脚本化的联合行动比最初看起来的更加持续，并且它们的区别仅在于它们依赖紧急或计划协调机制的程度。我们还表明，音乐家会部署交流策略来在团体内表达和传播他们的意图，这预示着更好的协调。总体而言，我们的结果表明，即兴和脚本化的联合行动比最初看起来的更加持续，并且它们的区别仅在于它们依赖紧急或计划协调机制的程度。我们还表明，音乐家会部署交流策略来在团体内表达和传播他们的意图，这预示着更好的协调。总体而言，我们的结果表明，即兴和脚本化的联合行动比最初看起来的更加持续，并且它们的区别仅在于它们依赖紧急或计划协调机制的程度。