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Evolution and diversification of the nuclear envelope
Nucleus ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-12
Norma E. Padilla-Mejia, Alexandr A. Makarov, Lael D. Barlow, Erin R. Butterfield, Mark C. Field

Abstract

Eukaryotic cells arose over 1.5 billion years ago, with the endomembrane system a central feature, facilitating evolution of specialised intracellular compartments. Endomembranes include the nuclear envelope (NE) that divides the cytoplasm from the nucleoplasm. The NE possesses universal features, specifically a double lipid bilayer membrane, nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), and continuity with the endoplasmic reticulum, indicating a common evolutionary origin. However, the levels of specialisation between eukaryotic lineages remains unclear, despite clear evidence for distinct mechanisms underpinning various nuclear activities. Several distinct modes of molecular evolution facilitate organellar diversification and include gene loss (sculpting), replacement/repurposing (backfilling), paralog expansion and emergence of novel genes in specific lineages. To understand mechanisms that apply to the NE, we exploited previously described proteome datasets of purified nuclear envelopes from model systems for comparative analysis. We find enrichment of core nuclear functions amongst the most widely conserved proteins, which account for a small fraction of the total, while the largest cohorts are likely lineage-specific. This, together with consideration of additional published studies, suggests that, despite a common origin, the NE has evolved as a highly diverse organelle with significant lineage-specific functionality.



中文翻译:

核被膜的演变和多样化

摘要

真核细胞兴起于15亿年前,其内膜系统是其主要特征,促进了专门的细胞内区室的进化。内膜包括将细胞质与核质分开的核被膜(NE)。NE具有通用特征,特别是双层脂质双层膜,核孔复合物(NPC)以及与内质网的连续性,表明其共有进化起源。然而,尽管有明确的证据表明各种核活动的基础机制不同,但真核细胞谱系之间的专业化水平仍不清楚。几种不同的分子进化模式可促进细胞器的多样化,包括基因丧失(雕刻),替换/重新定位(回填),旁系同源物的扩展和特定谱系中新基因的出现。为了了解适用于NE的机制,我们利用了先前描述的来自模型系统的纯化核膜的蛋白质组数据集进行比较分析。我们发现最广泛保存的蛋白质中核心核功能的富集占了总数的一小部分,而最大的队列可能是特定于谱系的。结合其他已发表的研究,这表明,尽管起源很广,但NE已发展成为具有重要谱系特异性功能的高度多样化的细胞器。我们发现最广泛保存的蛋白质中核心核功能的富集占了总数的一小部分,而最大的队列可能是特定于谱系的。结合其他已发表的研究,这表明,尽管起源很广,但NE已发展成为具有重要谱系特异性功能的高度多样化的细胞器。我们发现最广泛保存的蛋白质中核心核功能的富集占了总数的一小部分,而最大的队列可能是特定于谱系的。结合其他已发表的研究,这表明,尽管起源很广,但NE已发展成为具有重要谱系特异性功能的高度多样化的细胞器。

更新日期:2021-01-13
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