Abstract

An experiment was conducted at the Indian Institute of Spices Research, Regional Station, Madikeri, Karnataka, to study physiology, yield and quality responses of six small cardamoms [Elettaria car- damomum (L.) Maton] genotypes (Appangala-1, PV-1, ICRI-2, FGB-34, PV-2 and Green Gold) selected from three ecotypes (Malabar, Mysore and Vazhukka) during 2018-2019. The experiment was designed in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Results showed Green Gold registered a more dry capsule yield (673.8 kg ha^-1) followed by Appangala-1 (576.4 kg ha^-1). Physiological attributes like photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, epicuticular wax and total chlorophyll content were higher for Green Gold closely followed by Appangala-1. Canopy temperature was lower considerably in both genotypes. Both Appangala-1 and Green Gold reported a higher concentration of 1,8-cineole accordingly 43.9 % and 40.8 %. Therefore, these types impart higher camphorous odor compared to other genotypes. Other genotypes PV-1 and ICRI-2 succinctly had a higher quantity of α-terpinyl acetate (41.6 % and 40.3 % respectively) that conveys their sweet pleasant aroma. The volatile oil of PV-2 and FGB-34 possessed a higher proportion of α-terpinyl acetate (37.9 % and 37.9 % in order) and linalool (11.1 % and 7.1 %, correspondingly) which render the sweet aroma and acceptable flavor quality to these genotypes. Other compounds like sabinene, myrcene, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol and geraniol showed little variation among the genotypes studied. The results of the study highlight Green Gold as a physiologically superior and high yielding genotype and PV-2 as a better quality genotype for its supremacy of pleasant sweet aroma.

摘要

在卡纳塔克邦马蒂科里地区香料研究所的印度香料研究所进行了一项实验，研究了六种小豆蔻基因型（Elettaria cardamomum（L.）Maton）（Appangala-1，PV- 1，ICRI-2，FGB-34，PV-2和绿金）在2018- 2019年期间从三种生态类型（马拉巴尔，迈索尔和瓦祖卡）中选择。实验是在随机完全区组设计（RCBD）中设计的，具有三个重复项。结果显示，绿金的胶囊产量更高（673.8 kg ha ^-1），其次是Appangala-1（576.4 kg ha ^-1））。绿金的光合速率，气孔导度，表皮蜡和总叶绿素含量等生理属性较高，紧随其后的是Appangala-1。两种基因型的冠层温度均显着降低。Appangala-1和Green Gold均报告了较高的1,8-桉树脑浓度，分别为43.9％和40.8％。因此，与其他基因型相比，这些类型具有较高的樟脑气味。其他基因型PV-1和ICRI-2简洁地具有较高的乙酸α-叔丁基乙酸酯含量（分别为41.6％和40.3％），传达了其甜美宜人的香气。PV-2和FGB-34的挥发油具有较高比例的α-乙酸三叔丁基酯（依次为37.9％和37.9％）和芳樟醇（分别为11.1％和7.1％），从而提供了甜的香气和可接受的风味品质。这些基因型。其他化合物如sa烯，月桂烯，萜品醇-4-醇，α-萜品醇和香叶醇在所研究的基因型中几乎没有变化。研究结果突出显示，绿色金具有较高的宜人甜味，是生理上优越且高产的基因型，PV-2是质量较好的基因型。