Premise of research. Rapid environmental changes have raised questions about the capacity of plant populations to adapt to novel conditions. Salinity is increasing in both urban and rural areas because of irrigation and road deicing salt. While adaptation to salinity is found in some plant species, salt impairs plant fitness for the vast majority. Breeding to enhance adaptation to salinity has proved difficult, suggesting barriers to adaptation.Methodology. In this project, we assessed the capacity for adaptation to soil salinity. We planted an experimental population of Chamaecrista fasciculata (partridge pea, Fabaceae) in both roadside and greenhouse conditions. We assessed lifetime fitness as a composite of germination, survival, and the number of flowers or fruits produced. We estimated additive genetic variance for fitness in each greenhouse salinity treatment using aster models.Pivotal results. Significant additive genetic variance for fitness was detected in the control treatment in the greenhouse, in the low-salinity treatment in the greenhouse, and in the roadside experimental plot. Gene-by-environment interactions were also significant. This gene-by-environment interaction is caused by both differences in genetic variation among environments and a change in the ranks of the families. In the control and low-salinity treatments in the greenhouse experiment, the relative ranks of fitness among the paternal families visually demonstrate the gene-by-environment interaction.Conclusions. The findings of the roadside experiment demonstrate that this population has the potential to adapt to a salinized environment. This research found a gene-by-environment interaction that may alter the fitness of various families over small geographic scales, such as those found in a roadside. Reducing deicing salt usage may improve the health and quality of roadside ecosystems by enhancing the potential of some species to adapt.

中文翻译：

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终生适应度对基因与环境相互作用的依赖性：土壤盐分对一年生豆类的影响

研究前提。快速的环境变化引起了人们对植物种群适应新条件的能力的质疑。由于灌溉和道路除冰盐，城市和农村地区的盐度都在增加。虽然在某些植物物种中发现了对盐分的适应性，但盐损害了绝大多数植物的适应性。事实证明，提高对盐度的适应性育种很困难，这提示了适应性的障碍。方法论。在这个项目中，我们评估了适应土壤盐分的能力。我们种植了Chamaecrista fasciculata的实验种群（part豌豆，豆科）在路边和温室条件下均如此。我们将终生适应性评估为发芽，存活以及所产生的花朵或果实数量的综合。我们使用aster模型估算了每种温室盐度处理中适合度的加性遗传方差。重要结果。在温室的对照处理，温室的低盐度处理以及路边的试验田中，检测到适合度的显着的附加遗传方差。基因与环境之间的相互作用也很重要。这种逐个环境的相互作用是由于环境之间遗传变异的差异以及家庭等级的变化引起的。在温室实验的对照和低盐度处理中，父系家庭之间的相对适应度等级从视觉上证明了基因与环境之间的相互作用。结论。路边实验的结果表明，该种群具有适应盐碱化环境的潜力。这项研究发现了一种逐个环境的基因交互作用，这种交互作用可能会在较小的地理范围内改变各个家庭的适应性，例如路边的家庭。减少除冰盐的使用可以通过增强某些物种的适应潜力来改善路边生态系统的健康和质量。