Bakanae disease, caused by Fusarium fujikuroi, was investigated under different CO₂ and temperature environments in order to simulate climate changes in the F. fujikuroi–rice pathosystem. F. fujikuroi‐infected plants were grown under six phytotron conditions: low (18/22 °C night/day), medium (22/26 °C), and high (26/30 °C) temperature, at either ambient (450 ppm) or elevated (850 ppm) CO₂ concentrations. Bakanae disease index (DI), seedling death incidence, fungal DNA quantity, and chlorophyll and carbohydrate contents varied significantly in infected plants as a consequence of changes in both CO₂ and temperature. Plant height and dry weight were only influenced by single factors (temperature for height, and temperature or CO₂ for dry weight), and not by the CO₂ × temperature interaction. Medium and high temperatures (irrespective of the CO₂ level) increased the DI significantly (range from 67.5% to 95.8%) compared to low temperatures (range from 45.8% to 47.5%). Under elevated CO₂ levels, noticeable differences in the expression of four rice defence‐related genes and fungal DNA quantity were observed between those plants grown at higher temperatures and those at lower temperatures. Overall, combined and single effects of elevated CO₂ and high temperatures seem to be favourable for bakanae disease development in the Mediterranean basin.

中文翻译：

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在受控条件下，CO 2和温度升高对水稻巴卡那病的联合和单一影响

在不同的CO ₂和温度环境下研究了由Fusarium fujikuroi引起的Bakanae病，以模拟F的气候变化。fujikuroi –水稻病理系统。˚F。在六种光电子加速器条件下生长被富士黑感染的植物：在任一环境温度（450 ppm）下均处于低温（18/22°C夜/日），中等（22/26°C）和高温（26/30°C）的条件下。或升高的（850 ppm）CO ₂浓度。由于两种CO ₂的变化，感染植物中的巴卡内病病指数（DI），幼苗死亡发生率，真菌DNA量以及叶绿素和碳水化合物含量均发生显着变化和温度。株高和干重仅受单一因素（高度的温度和干重的温度或CO ₂）的影响，而不受CO ₂  ×温度相互作用的影响。与低温（45.8％至47.5％）相比，中高温（无论CO ₂含量如何）均显着提高了DI（从67.5％至95.8％的范围）。在升高的CO ₂水平下，在高温和低温下生长的植物之间观察到四个与水稻防御相关基因的表达和真菌DNA量存在明显差异。CO ₂升高的总体，综合和单一影响 高温似乎有利于地中海盆地的巴卡那病的发生。