Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells mediate rapid immune responses which bridge the gap between innate and adaptive responses to pathogens while also providing key regulation to maintain immune homeostasis. Both types of important iNKT immune responses are mediated through interactions with innate and adaptive B cells. As such, iNKT cells sit at the decision‐making fulcrum between regulating inflammatory or autoreactive B cells and supporting protective or regulatory B cell populations. iNKT cells interpret the signals in their environment to set the tone for subsequent adaptive responses, with outcomes ranging from getting licensed to maintain homeostasis as an iNKT regulatory cell (iNKT_reg) or being activated to become an iNKT follicular helper (iNKT_FH) cell supporting pathogen‐specific effector B cells. Here we review iNKT and B cell cooperation across the spectrum of immune outcomes, including during allergy and autoimmune disease, tumor surveillance and immunotherapy, or pathogen defense and vaccine responses. Because of their key role as influencers, iNKT cells provide a valuable target for therapeutic interventions. Understanding the nature of the interactions between iNKT and B cells will enable the development of clinical interventions to strategically target regulatory iNKT and B cell populations or inflammatory ones, depending on the circumstance.

中文翻译：

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不变的自然杀伤 T 细胞平衡 B 细胞免疫

不变的自然杀伤 T (iNKT) 细胞介导快速免疫反应，弥合对病原体的先天反应和适应性反应之间的差距，同时还提供关键调节以维持免疫稳态。这两种重要的 iNKT 免疫反应都是通过与先天和适应性 B 细胞的相互作用介导的。因此，iNKT 细胞处于调节炎症或自身反应性 B 细胞与支持保护性或调节性 B 细胞群之间的决策支点。iNKT 细胞解释其环境中的信号，为随后的适应性反应定下基调，其结果包括获得许可以作为 iNKT 调节细胞 (iNKT _reg ) 维持体内平衡或被激活成为 iNKT 滤泡辅助细胞 (iNKT _FH) 支持病原体特异性效应 B 细胞的细胞。在这里，我们回顾了 iNKT 和 B 细胞在免疫结果范围内的合作，包括在过敏和自身免疫性疾病、肿瘤监测和免疫治疗、或病原体防御和疫苗反应期间。由于它们作为影响者的关键作用，iNKT 细胞为治疗干预提供了有价值的目标。了解 iNKT 和 B 细胞之间相互作用的性质将有助于开发临床干预措施，以根据情况战略性地针对调节性 iNKT 和 B 细胞群或炎症性细胞群。