Background

There are only narrow insights regarding the antimicrobial resistance of pathogens in poultry environment in India and its transmission to humans. The use of antimicrobials in food animal production is not properly regulated in India. So, many clinically important antimicrobials are used indiscriminately.

Objective

Our aim was to do a comparative analysis of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from poultry environment and UTI patients.

Methodology

Two poultry farms each from six areas in Muvattupuzha region of the state of Kerala in India were selected for the study. From each farm, samples of fresh fecal matter, litter from inside the shed, litter from outside the shed, nearby agricultural soil and control soilwere collected. E. coli was isolated from each sample, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of E. coli was done with fifteen antibiotics. Antibiograms of UTI patients were collected from the tertiary care hospital included in the study and those were compared with the antibiograms of poultrysamples.

Result

All samples were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, meropenem and tetracycline. Similar resistance pattern in poultry environment and UTI patients was seen for antibiotics such as ampicillin, amoxicillin, amikacin, and ofloxacin. A statistically significant difference (p < .00601) was established in the total number of isolates resistant to various antibiotics from areas near to farms compared to those away from farms.

Conclusion

E. coli were resistant not only to extended spectrum beta lactams but also to carbapenems which might have disseminated to environment where litter was used as manure. This might be due to irrational use of antibiotics in chicken and poultry feed as growth promoter.

中文翻译：

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印度喀拉拉邦家禽环境和泌尿道感染患者大肠杆菌分离株的耐药性比较研究

背景

关于印度家禽环境中病原体的抗药性及其向人类的传播，目前仅有狭窄的见解。印度对食用动物生产中使用抗菌素的管理不当。因此，不加选择地使用了许多临床上重要的抗菌剂。

目的

我们的目的是对来自禽类环境和UTI患者的大肠杆菌分离株的抗生素抗性进行比较分析。

方法

选择了印度喀拉拉邦Muvattupuzha地区六个地区的两个家禽场进行研究。从每个农场收集新鲜的粪便样品，棚内的垃圾，棚外的垃圾，附近的农业土壤和对照土壤。从每个样品中分离出大肠杆菌，并对大肠杆菌进行了15种抗生素的药敏试验。从研究中包括的三级医院收集尿路感染患者的抗菌素谱，并将其与家禽样品的抗菌素谱进行比较。

结果

所有样品均对氨苄西林，阿莫西林，美洛培南和四环素具有抗性。在家禽环境和UTI患者中对氨苄青霉素，阿莫西林，阿米卡星和氧氟沙星等抗生素的耐药模式相似。与远离农场的地区相比，来自农场附近地区的对各种抗生素具有抗性的分离株总数在统计学上有显着差异（p <0.00601）。

结论

大肠杆菌不仅能抵抗广谱的β-内酰胺，而且能抵抗碳青霉烯类，碳青霉烯类可能已经传播到使用猫砂作为肥料的环境中。这可能是由于在鸡和家禽饲料中不合理使用抗生素作为生长促进剂。