Abstract

The research results of the Siberian larch needle extractives are presented in paper. The content of extractive substances from green and yellow needles extracted by organic solvents with different polarities is determined. It is found out that the double increase of the yellow needle extractive substances content soluble in hydrocarbon extractant is observed, whereas it is decreased by 30%, when extracted with propan-2-ol. The group composition of needle extracts derived from isopropanol extract by petroleum ether is determined. The neutral substances content in both needle collections is practically the same, although the yellow needles contain less “bound” acids in the form of esters. High wax content is noted in the needles, which mainly consist of secondary nonacosanol-10 alcohol. The composition of free and “bound” acids in Siberian larch needles at various vegetation periods is established. The groups of higher unsaturated C18 fatty acids prevail in the needles. The resin acids are represented by isopimaric acids (isopimaric and sandaracopimaric) and abietic acids: abietic, dehydroabietic and levopiric acids. The dehydroabietic acid content is increased quadrupled in yellow needles and the hydroxy acids are identified: 15-hydroxyabietic acid and 15-hydroxyhydroabietic acids. The tri- and tetraenic C20 acids are identified among higher fatty acids.

中文翻译：

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不同植被时期的西伯利亚落叶松针群组成和酸

摘要

本文介绍了西伯利亚落叶松针提取物的研究结果。测定了极性不同的有机溶剂从绿色和黄色针中提取的提取物的含量。已发现可溶于烃萃取剂中的黄色针状萃取物含量观察到了双重增加，而当用丙-2-醇萃取时则减少了30％。确定通过石油醚衍生自异丙醇提取物的针状提取物的组组成。尽管黄色的针头含有较少的酯形式的“结合”酸，但两个针头集合中的中性物质含量实际上是相同的。在针头中发现蜡含量高，主要由仲九烷醇-10醇组成。建立了不同植被时期西伯利亚落叶松针中游离和“结合”酸的组成。高级不饱和C18脂肪酸的组在针头中占主导地位。树脂酸的代表是异海松香酸（异海松香酸和花生四烯酸）和松香酸：松香酸，脱氢松香酸和左丙酸。在黄色针状结构中，脱氢松香酸的含量增加了三倍，并且鉴定出了羟基酸：15-羟基松香酸和15-羟基氢松香酸。在高级脂肪酸中鉴定出三烯和四烯C20酸。在黄色针状结构中，脱氢松香酸的含量增加了三倍，并且鉴定出了羟基酸：15-羟基松香酸和15-羟基氢松香酸。在高级脂肪酸中鉴定出三烯和四烯C20酸。在黄色针状结构中，脱氢松香酸的含量增加了三倍，并且鉴定出了羟基酸：15-羟基松香酸和15-羟基氢松香酸。在高级脂肪酸中鉴定出三烯和四烯C20酸。