ABSTRACT Housing performance has typically been governed by mandatory performance policies. There are examples of voluntary policies and programmes which have been introduced to augment mandatory requirements and push innovation. This paper investigates mandatory and voluntary sustainable housing approaches in Vancouver and Melbourne through a multi-level governance approach. The paper highlights key opportunities for voluntary approaches to help raise the outcomes of mandatory approaches if key limitations of each are addressed

中文翻译：

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强制性和自愿性方法在可持续住房转型中的作用：来自温哥华和墨尔本的证据

摘要住房绩效通常受强制性绩效政策约束。引入了一些自愿性政策和计划，以增强强制性要求和推动创新。本文通过多层次的治理方法，研究了温哥华和墨尔本的强制性和自愿性可持续住房方法。本文着重介绍了自愿方法的关键机遇，如果每种方法都有关键局限性，则有助于提高强制性方法的成果