ABSTRACT This article analyzes legal disputes involving Monsanto's patents and royalties for Roundup Ready soybeans, Bt cotton and Bt eggplant in two important GM-crop producing countries. It argues that Monsanto implemented private royalty collection systems adapted to the specificities of crops and agrarian conditions in Brazil and India. The corporation thus enjoyed in practice the same extraordinary degree of IP rights in these countries as in the United States irrespective of significant differences between patent and plant variety laws of both countries and the US. NGOs and farmers' movements played a key role in drawing public attention to these issues while challenging the legality of the patents and royalty collection systems.

中文翻译：

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将孟山都告上法庭：巴西和印度围绕知识产权的法律行动

摘要 本文分析了孟山都在两个重要转基因作物生产国的抗农达大豆、Bt 棉花和 Bt 茄子专利和特许权使用费的法律纠纷。它争辩说，孟山都实施了适合巴西和印度作物和土地条件的特殊性的私人版税征收系统。因此，该公司实际上在这些国家享有与在美国相同的非凡程度的知识产权，而不管这两个国家和美国的专利和植物品种法之间存在重大差异。非政府组织和农民运动在引起公众对这些问题的关注同时挑战专利和版税征收制度的合法性方面发挥了关键作用。