Abstract As of October 2019, it is legal for employers to fire a worker if they identify as LGBT. The Employment Nondiscrimination Act (ENDA) was a proposed bill that would have prohibited LGBT discrimination in the workplace, but continuously failed to be enacted by Congress. This paper explores ENDA’s tempestuous history by conducting a historical analysis of the bill, Congressional Records, and congressional hearings, to identify the factors which influenced ENDA’s outcome. The findings indicated support for historical contingency theory because the historical conditions affected (1) the capacity of LGBT groups to advance their interests, and (2) the state managers and their decision to enact ENDA. These findings are important because it offers a clearer history of LGBT politics and shows how cultural attitudes, state policies, and state actors influenced ENDA’s policy formation process. Specifically, the analysis highlights that the historical conditions of the years when ENDA was proposed affected its failure to be enacted.

中文翻译：

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未能保护：《就业非歧视法》的历史分析

摘要自2019年10月起，如果雇主认定其为LGBT，则解雇该工人是合法的。《就业非歧视法》（ENDA）是一项拟议法案，本来禁止工作场所的LGBT歧视，但一直未能得到国会的通过。本文通过对该法案，国会记录和国会听证会进行历史分析，探究了ENDA的动荡历史，以找出影响ENDA结果的因素。这些发现表明支持历史权变理论，因为历史条件影响（1）LGBT团体提高其利益的能力，以及（2）国家管理者及其颁布ENDA的决定。这些发现很重要，因为它提供了更清晰的LGBT政治历史，并显示了文化态度，国家政策，国家行为者影响了ENDA的政策制定过程。具体而言，分析强调了提出ENDA的年份的历史条件影响了该法案的颁布失败。