ABSTRACT Max Weber’s reputation as one of the founding fathers of the modern social sciences relies in large measure on his methodological contributions such as value objectivity or freedom (Wertfreiheit) and ideal type (Idealtypus). This essay revisits Weber’s famous lecture on the Science as a Vocation (Wissenschaft als Beruf) to elucidate the meaning of these methodological doctrines that have come to constitute the core identity of the social sciences even into our time. By putting them in the larger context of his Kantian and Nietzschean background as well as the rationalization thesis he is also famous for, it argues that Weber’s methodological contributions read better not so much as an effort to establish a distinct field of research to be known as the social sciences than to prescribe a certain set of virtues to be possessed by the practitioners of this emerging genre of science. In its goal and contents, in short, Weber’s methodology is as ethical as it is epistemological.

中文翻译：

---

科学作为一种道德的生活方式：马克斯·韦伯的 Wissenschaft als Beruf 一百周年

摘要 马克斯·韦伯作为现代社会科学的奠基人之一的声誉在很大程度上依赖于他的方法论贡献，例如价值客观性或自由（Wertfreiheit）和理想类型（Idealtypus）。本文重温韦伯关于作为职业的科学 (Wissenschaft als Beruf) 的著名演讲，以阐明这些方法论学说的含义，这些学说甚至在我们这个时代已经构成了社会科学的核心身份。通过将它们放在他的康德和尼采背景以及他也著名的合理化论题的更大背景中，它认为韦伯的方法论贡献读起来更好，与其说是努力建立一个被称为社会科学的独特研究领域，不如说是规定了这一新兴科学类型的从业者必须具备的某些美德。简而言之，就其目标和内容而言，韦伯的方法论既是伦理学的，也是认识论的。