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Epistemic Neglect
Social Epistemology ( IF 1.625 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-19 , DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2020.1737748 Shannon Brick 1
Social Epistemology ( IF 1.625 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-19 , DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2020.1737748 Shannon Brick 1
Affiliation
ABSTRACT In most testimonial transactions between adults, the hearer’s obligation is to accord the speaker a level of credibility that matches the evidence that what she is saying is true. When the speaker is a child, however, the adult must often respond by extending a level of trust greater than that warranted by the evidence of past epistemic performance. Such trust, which I call ‘hopeful trust,’ is not extended on the basis the child’s extant credibility, but on the basis of their epistemic potential. Hopeful trust communicates to the speaker that she has reason to trust her own epistemic capacities and thereby enables her to do so. Extensions of hopeful trust are thus a method of causal construction; by treating individuals as if they are reliable, hopeful trust enables those individuals to become reliable. While not all adults bear the responsibility to extend hopeful trust to children, those who occupy positions of educational authority do. Failure to discharge this responsibility constitutes a distinct kind of epistemic injustice that can take both transactional and structural forms.
中文翻译:
认知忽视
摘要 在成人之间的大多数证言交易中,听话人的义务是给予说话人一定程度的可信度,以证明她所说的是真实的证据。然而,当说话者是一个孩子时,成年人通常必须通过扩展比过去认知表现的证据所保证的信任程度更大的信任来做出回应。这种信任,我称之为“充满希望的信任”,不是基于孩子现存的可信度,而是基于他们的认知潜力。充满希望的信任传达给说话者,她有理由相信自己的认知能力,从而使她能够这样做。因此,扩展有希望的信任是一种因果构建的方法;通过将个人视为可靠的人,充满希望的信任使这些个人变得可靠。虽然并非所有成年人都有责任向儿童提供充满希望的信任,但那些担任教育权威职位的人确实有责任。未能履行这一责任构成了一种独特的认知不公正,这种不公正可以采取交易形式和结构形式。
更新日期:2020-03-19
中文翻译:
认知忽视
摘要 在成人之间的大多数证言交易中,听话人的义务是给予说话人一定程度的可信度,以证明她所说的是真实的证据。然而,当说话者是一个孩子时,成年人通常必须通过扩展比过去认知表现的证据所保证的信任程度更大的信任来做出回应。这种信任,我称之为“充满希望的信任”,不是基于孩子现存的可信度,而是基于他们的认知潜力。充满希望的信任传达给说话者,她有理由相信自己的认知能力,从而使她能够这样做。因此,扩展有希望的信任是一种因果构建的方法;通过将个人视为可靠的人,充满希望的信任使这些个人变得可靠。虽然并非所有成年人都有责任向儿童提供充满希望的信任,但那些担任教育权威职位的人确实有责任。未能履行这一责任构成了一种独特的认知不公正,这种不公正可以采取交易形式和结构形式。