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Creating New Schools for Bradford’s ‘Factory Children’: Obstacles and Outcomes, 1836–1850
Northern History ( IF 0.115 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-06 , DOI: 10.1080/0078172x.2019.1694790
John Agnew

Industrialization brought extensive factory development to northern English counties during the early nineteenth century, with new cotton, wool and worsted mills that employed many child workers. By 1840, some 1800 children, aged less than thirteen, worked in mills across the widespread Bradford parish – mostly in the central townships and predominantly in the worsted trade. Under the 1833 Factory Act, these factory children were restricted to forty-eight hours work per week and were required to attend school two hours each day. Available school provision was often poor and ill-adapted to mill-working hours. After delays, diversions and sustained lobbying, new Bradford schools – under the auspices of the ‘National Schools Society’ but specially targeted on factory children – started to come into being, soon reaching an attendance of some 1000 children. One of these schools – in a new, hastily constructed, building – gained recognition as a ‘model factory school’. Despite the perceived deficiencies of the 1833 Act, despite opposition and despite recurrent difficulties over finance, the 1833 legislation gave ‘leverage’ that, in Bradford, generated a new pattern of schooling.

中文翻译:

为布拉德福德的“工厂儿童”创建新学校:障碍和结果,1836-1850

十九世纪初,工业化为英国北部各县带来了广泛的工厂发展,新的棉花、羊毛和精纺厂雇用了许多童工。到 1840 年,约有 1800 名不到 13 岁的儿童在广泛分布的布拉德福德教区的工厂里工作——大部分在中心城镇,主要从事精纺贸易。根据 1833 年的工厂法,这些工厂儿童每周只能工作 48 小时,并且每天必须上学两小时。可用的学校供应往往很差,而且不适应工厂的工作时间。经过延误、转移和持续游说,新的布拉德福德学校——在“全国学校协会”的主持下,但专门针对工厂儿童——开始应运而生,很快就达到了大约 1000 名儿童的出勤率。其中一所学校——在一座新建的、仓促建造的建筑中——被公认为“模范工厂学校”。尽管 1833 年法案存在明显的缺陷,尽管遭到反对,尽管在财政方面经常遇到困难,但 1833 年的立法提供了“杠杆作用”,在布拉德福德,产生了一种新的教育模式。
更新日期:2019-12-06
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