The Sea in History: The Medieval World is the second of a four-volume series curated by Christian Buchet, and covers the global history of the sea(s) from Antiquity up to the present day. This volume, which ranges from the fifth to the sixteenth centuries, is edited by the esteemed medievalist and Sorbonne emeritus Michel Balard. In his introduction, Balard notes how the image of the sea (at least in the EuroMediterranean world) was transformed from Antiquity, when it was regarded as place of chaotic unpredictability and a liquid wasteland, to the hive of activity and engine of prosperity it had become in the Middle Ages (7). As such, it became (again speaking presumably of the Mediterranean – at least in the Middle Ages) a key element in the “birth of modern capitalism”. Nodding to both the environmental approach of Braudel and the “connectivity” of Horden and Purcell, Balard notes that the “study of the sea must explore four key factors: space, men, capital and naval resources” (9). It is the aim of this book to

中文翻译：

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历史上的大海：中世纪世界 / La mer dans l'histoire: Le Moyen Âge

历史中的海洋：中世纪世界是克里斯蒂安·布切特 (Christian Buchet) 策划的四卷本系列中的第二部，涵盖了从古代到现在的全球海洋历史。这本书的范围从 5 世纪到 16 世纪，由受人尊敬的中世纪学者和索邦大学名誉教授米歇尔·巴拉德编辑。在他的介绍中，巴拉德指出海洋的形象（至少在欧洲地中海世界）是如何从古代被视为混乱不可预测的地方和液体荒地的地方转变为活动的蜂巢和繁荣的引擎成为中世纪 (7)。因此，它成为（再次大概是指地中海——至少在中世纪）成为“现代资本主义诞生”的关键因素。巴拉德赞同布罗代尔的环境方法以及霍登和珀塞尔的“连通性”，指出“海洋研究必须探索四个关键因素：空间、人员、资本和海军资源”（9）。本书的目标是