ABSTRACT This investigation explores the long-run relationship between the wage share in the non-construction private sector and government efforts to create jobs in public services and construction of infrastructure and houses, in Sweden in 1900 to 2016. In the present article, it is argued that the creation of employment with generous wages by the Swedish government has increased the bargaining power of workers outside of these sectors, thus raising the wage share, up to about 1980. Correspondingly, retrenchment from such policy has been detrimental for the wage share in recent decades. This argument is supported by the results of cointegration tests, estimation of long-run and short-run, speed of adjustment, coefficients, as well as by Impulse-response functions. While government consumption is often found to be an important determinant for the wage share, earlier research has neglected the full labor market effect of government job creation associated with an expansion of the welfare state. Sweden is an ideal case for studying the impact of welfare policy on the wage share, since it has been one of the most extensive welfare states and simultaneously has been one of the most egalitarian countries in the world.

中文翻译：

---

1900-2016 年瑞典的工资份额和政府创造的就业机会

摘要 本调查探讨了 1900 年至 2016 年瑞典非建筑私营部门的工资份额与政府在公共服务、基础设施和房屋建设方面创造就业机会的努力之间的长期关系。在本文中，认为瑞典政府创造的工资丰厚的就业增加了这些部门以外工人的议价能力，从而提高了工资份额，直到 1980 年左右。相应地，这种政策的裁员对工资份额不利。近几十年来。这一论点得到协整检验结果、长期和短期估计、调整速度、系数以及脉冲响应函数的支持。虽然政府消费经常被认为是工资份额的重要决定因素，但早期的研究忽略了与福利国家扩张相关的政府创造就业机会的全部劳动力市场效应。瑞典是研究福利政策对工资份额影响的理想案例，因为它是世界上福利最广泛的国家之一，同时也是世界上最平等的国家之一。