ABSTRACT

This paper replicates and extends Porter and Alison’s (2001. A partially ordered scale of influence in violent group behavior: An example from gang rape. Small Group Research, 32(4), 475–497) method of leader identification in Multiple Perpetrator Rape (MPR). The study examined 216 MPR offences (totalling 712 different offenders), collected from archival sources (predominantly law reports). Porter and Alison’s original coding scheme was refined and Multidimensional Scaling identified a partially ordered scale of influence based upon the decisions, actions and orders made by the offenders at each chronological offence stage. The updated scale identified leaders in 97% of the sample groups. The hierarchical structures of the groups were also examined through the distribution of influence among co-offenders. While the majority (68%) of cases exhibited a dichotomous leader/follower structure, some “followers” also exhibited influence tactics to varying degrees with the presence of “lieutenants” and linear hierarchies. The findings are discussed in relation to group dynamics as well as the reliability and validity of the influence scale.

摘要

本文复制并扩展了Porter和Alison（2001）。暴力团体行为影响的部分有序规模：以轮奸为例。Small Group Research，32（4），475–497）多罪犯强奸案（MPR）中领导者识别的方法。该研究调查了从档案来源（主要是法律报告）收集的216项MPR犯罪（共712名不同的犯罪者）。波特和艾莉森的原始编码方案得到了完善，多维比例缩放根据犯罪分子在每个时间顺序犯罪阶段的决定，行动和命令，确定了部分有秩序的影响力规模。更新后的量表在97％的样本组中确定了领导者。还通过共同犯罪者之间的影响力分布研究了这些群体的等级结构。尽管大多数案例（68％）表现出两分的领导者/从属结构，但某些“从属”在存在“激怒分子”和线性等级制度的情况下也表现出不同程度的影响策略。