ABSTRACT From the early years of the Republic, the central role played by political parties in Italy’s post-World War II democracy was offset by a widespread sentiment of hostility towards professional politicians that had arisen in broad swaths of civil society due to fear of excessive power in the hands of political elites in State institutions. This sentiment, further nurtured in subsequent decades by the troubles associated with Cold War democrazia bloccata (‘blocked democracy’), reached a decisive turning point in the 1970s. During that period, under the pressure of world economic crisis and post-1968 extremism and terrorism, rejection of partitocrazia (‘party rule’) across the ideological divide became a pervasive phenomenon, marked by such emblematic events as the vote in the 1978 referendum on public funding for political parties, the resignation of then President of the Republic Giovanni Leone, and the election in his place of Sandro Pertini: the first key political figure, in Italian democracy, to present himself as an ‘ordinary man’ rather than a member of the elite.

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反党派。反对1970年代意大利的政治阶级和政党制度

摘要从共和国成立初期开始，政党在意大利第二次世界大战后的民主制度中发挥了核心作用，但由于担心过度权力，民间社会广泛对专业政客产生了广泛的敌意在国家机构的政治精英手中。在随后的几十年中，这种情绪在与冷战民主（“民主制”）有关的麻烦中得到进一步培育，在1970年代达到了决定性的转折点。在此期间，在世界经济危机以及1968年后的极端主义和恐怖主义的压力下，跨越意识形态鸿沟的党派分裂（“政党统治”）成为一种普遍现象，以1978年公民投票中的象征性事件为标志。政党的公共资金，