ABSTRACT In Italian history, race has been traditionally examined in the context of colonialism, Fascism, and the Shoah. In contrast, the role played by ideas of race in the Risorgimento – when the idea of an Italian nation was formulated – has not been sufficiently investigated. This article argues that ideas of race played a pivotal role in the construction of Italian identity and that nationalism sparked the diffusion of new theories concerning the ethnic and racial past of Italy. In this period, older understandings of race such as ‘stock’ and ‘lineage’, and newer concepts borrowed from the natural history of man and linguistics intersected with each other. This process, by further ‘biologizing’ and racializing national traits, made the Italian nation a ‘concrete’ and ‘tangible’ concept. By dissecting these different meanings of race we can unearth the racial subtext that permeates the public discourse on national identity, and gain a broader understanding of Italian and European nationalism in current years.

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Race and Risorgimento：意大利历史的未开发篇章

摘要在意大利历史上，种族传统上是在殖民主义，法西斯主义和Shoah的背景下进行考察的。相反，种族观念在Risorgimento中的作用-当提出意大利民族的观念时-还没有得到充分的研究。本文认为，种族观念在意大利身份的建构中起着举足轻重的作用，民族主义引发了有关意大利种族和种族过去的新理论的传播。在这个时期，人类对人类的自然历史和语言学的交融，使人们对种族的较早理解，例如“股票”和“血统”，以及较新的概念得到借鉴。通过进一步“生物化”和种族化民族特征，这一过程使意大利民族成为“具体”和“有形”的概念。