ABSTRACT This special issue reconsiders the process of nation-building in nineteenth-century Italy and Germany before nationalism formed, for the majority of people, the dominant group identity. We will argue that non-national ‘identity containers’ and their interplay with emerging nationalism were essential for the creation of patriotic sensibilities among Italians and Germans, both before and after the formation of each nation state. The special issue includes contributions that spotlight identity constructions based on class, religion, gender, monarchy, empire, transnational entanglements, cosmopolitanism, and regional particularism. By comparing Italian and German case studies, we will address subjects of high and soft politics (pantheons, museums, opera) as well as working-class sensibilities and religious minorities. How do they interact with ideas of national independence and ethnic identity? This approach enables us to move beyond national narratives and their state-centred view, rethinking the rise of nationalism within a broader framework of non-national, multiple, hybrid, or marginal group identities.

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十九世纪意大利和德国的“身份容器”：简介

摘要本期专刊重新审视了十九世纪意大利和德国的民族建设过程，而民族主义对大多数人来说却是占主导地位的群体身份。我们将争辩说，在每个民族国家成立之前和之后，非国家的“身份容器”及其与新兴民族主义的相互作用对于在意大利人和德国人之间创造爱国感至关重要。该期专刊包括根据阶级，宗教，性别，君主制，帝国，跨国纠缠，世界主义和区域特殊主义来强调身份建构的贡献。通过比较意大利和德国的案例研究，我们将探讨高级政治和软政治（万神殿，博物馆，歌剧）以及工人阶级的敏感性和宗教少数群体的主题。它们如何与民族独立性和种族身份观念互动？这种方法使我们能够超越民族叙事及其以国家为中心的观点，在更广泛的非民族，多重，混合或边缘群体身份框架内重新思考民族主义的兴起。