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Laboratory study of the formation of fullerene (from smaller to larger, C44 to C70)/anthracene cluster cations in the gas phase
Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 , DOI: 10.1088/1674-4527/20/12/202 De-Ping Zhang 1, 2 , Yuan-Yuan Yang 1, 2, 3 , Xiao-Yi Hu 1, 2, 3 , Jun-Feng Zhen 1, 2
Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 , DOI: 10.1088/1674-4527/20/12/202 De-Ping Zhang 1, 2 , Yuan-Yuan Yang 1, 2, 3 , Xiao-Yi Hu 1, 2, 3 , Jun-Feng Zhen 1, 2
Affiliation
The formation and evolution mechanism of fullerenes in the planetary nebula or in the interstellar medium are still not understood. Here we present the study on the cluster formation and the relative reactivity of fullerene cations (from smaller to larger, C$_{44}$ to C$_{70}$) with anthracene molecule (C$_{14}$H$_{10}$). The experiment is performed in the apparatus that combines a quadrupole ion trap with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. By using a 355 nm laser beam to irradiate the trapped fullerenes cations (C$_{60}$$^+$ or C$_{70}$$^+$), smaller fullerene cations C$_{(60-2n)}$$^+$, n=1-8 or C$_{(70-2m)}$$^+$, m=1-11 are generated, respectively. Then reacting with anthracene molecules, series of fullerene/anthracene cluster cations are newly formed (e.g., (C$_{14}$H$_{10}$)C$_{(60-2n)}$$^+$, n=1-8 and (C$_{14}$H$_{10}$)C$_{(70-2m)}$$^+$, m=1-11), and slight difference of the reactivity within the smaller fullerene cations are observed. Nevertheless, smaller fullerenes show obviously higher reactivity when comparing to fullerene C$_{60}$$^+$ and C$_{70}$$^+$. A successive loss of C$_2$ fragments mechanism is suggested to account for the formation of smaller fullerene cations, which then undergo addition reaction with anthracene molecules to form the fullerene-anthracene cluster cations. It is found that the higher laser energy and longer irradiation time are key factors that affect the formation of smaller fullerene cations. This may indicate that in the strong radiation field environment (such as photon-dominated regions) in space, fullerenes are expected to follow the top-down evolution route, and then form small grain dust (e.g., clusters) through collision reaction with co-existing molecules, here, smaller PAHs.
中文翻译:
在气相中形成富勒烯(从小到大,C44 到 C70)/蒽簇阳离子的实验室研究
行星状星云或星际介质中富勒烯的形成和演化机制仍不清楚。在这里,我们展示了富勒烯阳离子(从小到大,C$_{44}$ 到 C$_{70}$)与蒽分子(C$_{14}$H $_{10}$)。该实验是在结合了四极杆离子阱和飞行时间质谱仪的装置中进行的。通过使用 355 nm 激光束照射捕获的富勒烯阳离子 (C$_{60}$$^+$ 或 C$_{70}$$^+$),较小的富勒烯阳离子 C$_{(60-2n )}$$^+$, n=1-8 或 C$_{(70-2m)}$$^+$, m=1-11 分别生成。然后与蒽分子反应,新形成一系列富勒烯/蒽簇阳离子(例如,(C$_{14}$H$_{10}$)C$_{(60-2n)}$$^+$ , n=1-8 和 (C$_{14}$H$_{10}$)C$_{(70-2m)}$$^+$, m=1-11),观察到较小富勒烯阳离子的反应性略有不同。然而,与富勒烯 C$_{60}$$^+$ 和 C$_{70}$$^+$ 相比,较小的富勒烯显示出明显更高的反应性。C$_2$ 片段的连续丢失机制被认为是形成较小的富勒烯阳离子的原因,这些阳离子然后与蒽分子发生加成反应以形成富勒烯-蒽簇阳离子。发现较高的激光能量和较长的照射时间是影响较小富勒烯阳离子形成的关键因素。这可能表明,在空间强辐射场环境(如光子主导区域)中,富勒烯有望遵循自上而下的演化路线,然后形成小颗粒尘埃(例如,
更新日期:2020-12-01
中文翻译:
在气相中形成富勒烯(从小到大,C44 到 C70)/蒽簇阳离子的实验室研究
行星状星云或星际介质中富勒烯的形成和演化机制仍不清楚。在这里,我们展示了富勒烯阳离子(从小到大,C$_{44}$ 到 C$_{70}$)与蒽分子(C$_{14}$H $_{10}$)。该实验是在结合了四极杆离子阱和飞行时间质谱仪的装置中进行的。通过使用 355 nm 激光束照射捕获的富勒烯阳离子 (C$_{60}$$^+$ 或 C$_{70}$$^+$),较小的富勒烯阳离子 C$_{(60-2n )}$$^+$, n=1-8 或 C$_{(70-2m)}$$^+$, m=1-11 分别生成。然后与蒽分子反应,新形成一系列富勒烯/蒽簇阳离子(例如,(C$_{14}$H$_{10}$)C$_{(60-2n)}$$^+$ , n=1-8 和 (C$_{14}$H$_{10}$)C$_{(70-2m)}$$^+$, m=1-11),观察到较小富勒烯阳离子的反应性略有不同。然而,与富勒烯 C$_{60}$$^+$ 和 C$_{70}$$^+$ 相比,较小的富勒烯显示出明显更高的反应性。C$_2$ 片段的连续丢失机制被认为是形成较小的富勒烯阳离子的原因,这些阳离子然后与蒽分子发生加成反应以形成富勒烯-蒽簇阳离子。发现较高的激光能量和较长的照射时间是影响较小富勒烯阳离子形成的关键因素。这可能表明,在空间强辐射场环境(如光子主导区域)中,富勒烯有望遵循自上而下的演化路线,然后形成小颗粒尘埃(例如,