By refining the definition of thermodynamic equilibrium and state variables (thermodynamic coordinate, TC) for solids, it is determined that the state of a glass substance transforms into an equilibrium state after it is solidified. In contrast, the state of a glass substance during the glass transition is a nonequilibrium state. The specific-heat (C) versus temperature (T) curve exhibits hysteresis, which is traditionally believed to invalidate thermodynamic methods. However, the glass transition slowly occurs in a manner such that structural change is decoupled with the fast process of thermal relaxation of phonons, which enables us to describe the hysteresis by thermodynamic methods. The hysteresis is caused by the structural relaxation and the time of relaxation is determined by the energy barrier, which depends solely on the current value of TCs. Therefore, the state in hysteresis can be described by the information of the current structure alone: history-dependent response functions are unnecessary. On the basis of these conclusions, the behavior of the C-T curve with changing heating/cooling rate γ is simulated. The main features of the hysteresis, the shift of C to higher temperatures with increasing γ, the hump structure, and the memory effect are well reproduced from a structure-dependent energy barrier. In view of the structural dependence of the energy barrier, it is not surprising to observe deviations from the Arrhenius law. However, only the terms that are higher than linear in T are observed in Arrhenius plot as the deviation. An important finding of this study is that the apparent energy barrier obtained using the Arrhenius plot significantly overestimates the real value. The extraordinarily large values of the pre-exponential factor of the relaxation time can also be understood on this basis.

通过细化固体的热力学平衡和状态变量（热力学坐标，TC）的定义，可以确定玻璃物质的状态在固化后转变为平衡状态。相反，玻璃化转变期间的玻璃物质的状态为非平衡状态。比热（C）对温度（T）曲线显示出滞后现象，传统上认为这会使热力学方法无效。但是，玻璃化转变以某种方式缓慢发生，从而使结构变化与声子的热弛豫快速过程脱钩，这使我们能够通过热力学方法来描述磁滞现象。磁滞是由结构弛豫引起的，弛豫时间由能垒决定，其仅取决于TC的当前值。因此，磁滞状态可以仅通过当前结构的信息来描述：不需要依赖于历史的响应函数。根据这些结论，C - T曲线随加热/冷却速率γ的变化而变化。是模拟的。磁滞的主要特征，随着γ的增加C转移到更高的温度，驼峰结构和记忆效应都可以从与结构有关的能垒中很好地再现出来。鉴于能垒的结构依赖性，观察到与阿伦尼乌斯定律的偏差并不奇怪。但是，在Arrhenius图中仅观察到T中高于线性的项作为偏差。这项研究的重要发现是，使用阿伦尼乌斯图获得的视在能垒明显高估了实际价值。在此基础上，还可以理解松弛时间的指数前因数的极大值。