We compile observations of high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) around black holes, both stellar and supermassive, and compare their positions in the parameter space of black hole mass, spin, and oscillation frequency. We find that supermassive black holes occupy a separate region of parameter space than stellar, and further, that QPOs seen around tidal disruption events rather than Seyfert-type AGN occupy an entirely different space. We then compare these results to the orbital resonance, diskoseismic, warped disk, and disk-jet coupling theoretical models for the origin of high-frequency QPOs. We find that while oscillations around stellar mass black holes are generally consistent with the above models, supermassive black holes are decidedly not. Oscillations seen in tidal disruption events are consistent with oscillations near the frequency of the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO), while QPOs in AGN are not accounted for by any of the physical models in consideration. This indicates that despite the scale invariance of accretion processes implied by a decades-wide correlation between QPO frequency and black hole mass, any theory of high frequency QPOs must relate the frequency to more than just the mass and spin.

中文翻译：

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观测与理论的对抗：X 射线双星中的高频 QPO、潮汐干扰事件和活动星系核

我们汇编了恒星和超大质量黑洞周围高频准周期振荡 (QPO) 的观测结果，并比较了它们在黑洞质量、自旋和振荡频率的参数空间中的位置。我们发现超大质量黑洞占据与恒星不同的参数空间区域，此外，在潮汐破坏事件周围看到的 QPO 而不是 Seyfert 型 AGN 占据完全不同的空间。然后，我们将这些结果与用于高频 QPO 起源的轨道共振、盘震、翘曲盘和盘-射流耦合理论模型进行比较。我们发现，虽然恒星质量黑洞周围的振荡大体上与上述模型一致，但超大质量黑洞显然不是。在潮汐破坏事件中看到的振荡与最内部稳定圆轨道 (ISCO) 频率附近的振荡一致，而 AGN 中的 QPO 没有被考虑的任何物理模型考虑在内。这表明，尽管 QPO 频率和黑洞质量之间数十年的相关性暗示了吸积过程的尺度不变性，但任何关于高频 QPO 的理论都必须将频率与质量和自旋之外的更多内容联系起来。