Recent simulation studies suggest that the compaction of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at high redshift might be a critical process, during which the central bulge is being rapidly built, followed by quenching of the star formation. To explore dust properties of SFGs with compact morphology, we investigate the dependence of dust temperature, $T_{\rm{dust}}$, on their size and star formation activity, using a sample of massive SFGs with $\log (M_{\ast}/M_{\odot}) > 10$ at $1 < z < 3$, drawn from the 3D-{\it HST}/CANDELS database in combination with deep {\it Herschel} observations. $T_{\rm{dust}}$ is derived via fitting the mid-to-far-infrared photometry with a mid-infrared power law and a far-infrared modified blackbody. We find that both extended and compact SFGs generally follow a similar $T_{\rm{dust}}-z$ evolutionary track as that of the main-sequence galaxies. The compact SFGs seem to share similar dust temperature with extended SFGs. Despite the frequent occurrence of AGNs in compact SFGs, we do not observe any effect on dust caused by the presence of AGN in these galaxies during the compaction. Our results disfavor different ISM properties between compact and extended SFGs, suggesting that a rapid and violet compaction process might be not necessary for the formation of compact SFGs.

中文翻译：

---

3D-HST/CANDELS 中 z ∼ 1–3 处致密恒星形成星系的尘埃温度

最近的模拟研究表明，高红移的恒星形成星系 (SFG) 的压实可能是一个关键过程，在此过程中，中央凸起正在迅速形成，随后恒星形成淬灭。为了探索具有致密形态的 SFG 的尘埃特性，我们研究了尘埃温度 $T_{\rm{dust}}$ 对其大小和恒星形成活动的依赖性，使用具有 $\log (M_{ \ast}/M_{\odot}) > 10$ at $1 < z < 3$，从 3D-{\it HST}/CANDELS 数据库结合深度 {\it Herschel} 观察得出。$T_{\rm{dust}}$ 是通过用中红外幂律和远红外修正黑体拟合中远红外光度法得出的。我们发现扩展和紧凑的 SFG 通常遵循与主序星系类似的 $T_{\rm{dust}}-z$ 演化轨迹。紧凑型 SFG 似乎与扩展型 SFG 具有相似的粉尘温度。尽管在致密的 SFG 中频繁出现 AGN，但我们没有观察到在压实过程中这些星系中 AGN 的存在对尘埃造成任何影响。我们的结果不利于致密和扩展 SFG 之间不同的 ISM 特性，这表明快速和紫色压实过程可能不是形成致密 SFG 所必需的。