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The phase diagram of ultra quantum liquids
Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-08 , DOI: 10.1088/1742-5468/abd024
Dam Thanh Son 1 , Mikhail Stephanov 2 , Ho-Ung Yee 1, 2
Affiliation  

We discuss the dependence of the phase diagram of a hypothetical isotope of helium with nuclear mass less than 4 atomic mass units. We argue that with decreasing nucleus mass, the temperature of the superfluid phase transition (about 2.2 K in real He-4) increases, while that of the liquid-gas critical point (about 5.2 K in real He-4) decreases. We discuss various scenarios that may occur when the two temperatures approach each other and the order parameters of the superfluid and the liquid-gas phase transitions interact with each other. The simplest scenario, in which both order parameters become critical at particular values of the nuclear mass, temperature, and pressure, can be ruled out through on an analysis of the Landau theory. We argue that in the most likely scenario, as the nuclear mass decreases, first, a tricritical point appears on the line separating the superfluid and the normal fluid phase, then the critical point disappears under the first-order part of superfluid phase transition line, and in the end the tricritical point disappears. The last change in the phase diagram occurs when the two-body scattering length crosses zero, which corresponds to the nuclear mass of about 1.55 u. We develop a quantitative theory that allows one to determine the phase diagram in the vicinity of this point. Finally, we discuss several ways to physically realize such liquids.

中文翻译:

超量子液体的相图

我们讨论了核质量小于 4 个原子质量单位的假设氦同位素相图的相关性。我们认为,随着核质量的减少,超流体相变的温度(在真正的 He-4 中约为 2.2 K)增加,而液-气临界点(在真正的 He-4 中约为 5.2 K)的温度降低。我们讨论了当两个温度相互接近并且超流体的有序参数和液-气相变相互作用时可能发生的各种情况。通过对朗道理论的分析,可以排除最简单的情况,其中两个阶次参数在核质量、温度和压力的特定值下变得至关重要。我们认为,在最可能的情况下,随着核质量的减少,首先,三临界点出现在分离超流体和正常流体相的线上,然后临界点在超流体相变线的一阶部分下消失,最终三临界点消失。相图中的最后一个变化发生在双体散射长度过零时,这对应于大约 1.55 u 的核质量。我们开发了一种定量理论,可以确定这一点附近的相图。最后,我们讨论了物理实现这种液体的几种方法。相图中的最后一个变化发生在双体散射长度过零时,这对应于大约 1.55 u 的核质量。我们开发了一种定量理论,可以确定这一点附近的相图。最后,我们讨论了几种物理实现这种液体的方法。相图中的最后一个变化发生在双体散射长度过零时,这对应于大约 1.55 u 的核质量。我们开发了一种定量理论,可以确定这一点附近的相图。最后,我们讨论了物理实现这种液体的几种方法。
更新日期:2021-01-08
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