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Seed dispersal in Neuwiedia singapureana: novel evidence for avian endozoochory in the earliest diverging clade in Orchidaceae
Botanical Studies ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 , DOI: 10.1186/s40529-020-00308-z
Yu Zhang , Yuan-Yuan Li , Miaomiao Wang , Jia Liu , Fanqiang Luo , Yung-I Lee

Seed dispersal allows plants to colonize new habitats that has an significant influence on plant distribution and population dynamics. Orchids produce numerous tiny seeds without endosperm, which are considered to be mainly wind-dispersed. Here, we report avian seed dispersal for an early diverging orchid species, Neuwiedia singapureana, which produces fleshy fruits with hard seed coats in the understory of tropical forests. Neuwiedia singapureana produced fleshy fruits that turned red in autumn, and birds were confirmed to be the primary seed dispersers. As compared to its sister species, N. veratrifolia with dehiscent capsular fruits, embryos of N. singapureana were larger and enclosed by thickened and lignified seed coats. After passing through the digestive tracts of birds, the seeds still stayed alive, and the walls of seed coat contained several cracks. The germination percentage increased significantly for digested seeds as compared with seeds from intact fruits. The thickened and lignified seed coat may protect seeds as they passed through the digestive tracts of birds. Taken together with a recent report of insect-mediated seed dispersal system in the subfamily Apostasioideae, the animal-mediated seed dispersal may be an adaptive mechanism promoting the success of colonization in dark understory habitats.

中文翻译:

种子散布在新鞭毛虫:兰花科最早的分歧进化支中的鸟内吞的新证据。

种子传播使植物能够在新的生境中定殖,这对植物的分布和种群动态具有重大影响。兰花产生许多无胚乳的微小种子,这些种子主要被风散布。在这里,我们报道了一种鸟类种子的散布,该种子散布着一种早期分化的兰花物种,即新wiedia singapureana,它在热带森林的林下生出带有硬种皮的果肉果实。新加坡新神经鞭毛虫产生的果肉果实在秋天变成红色,并确认鸟类是主要的种子传播者。与它的姊妹物种N. veratrifolia带有开裂的荚膜果实相比,N。singapureana的胚更大,并被加厚和木质化的种皮包围。经过鸟类的消化道后,种子仍然活着,种皮壁上有几处裂缝。与完整果实的种子相比,消化种子的发芽率显着增加。增厚并木质化的种皮可以保护种子穿过鸟类的消化道。再加上最近的昆虫介子亚科昆虫介导的种子传播系统的报道,动物介导的种子传播可能是促进在黑暗的林下生境中成功定殖的一种适应性机制。
更新日期:2021-01-12
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