Background:Background: Citicoline has been proven to have beneficial effects in patients with cognitive impairment. In previous studies, combined treatment with memantine and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) maintained cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) better thanmemantine or AChEIs alone. Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a combination therapy of oral citicoline, memantine, and an AChEI in AD when compared with memantine and an AChEI without citicoline. Methods: This was a retrospective multi-centric case-control study, conducted in Italian Centers for Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. Overall, 170 patients were recruited (34.11%of men, mean age 76,81±4.93 years): 48.8%treated with memantine and donepezil; 48.2%with memantine and rivastigmine; 2.9%with memantine and galantamine. 89 patients (control-group) were treated with memantine and an AChEI, whereas 81 patients (case-group) were treated with oral citicoline 1000 mg/day added to memantine and an AChEI given orally. Cognitive functions, activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, comorbidities, mood and behavioral disturbances were assessed at baseline, month 6, and month 12. Results:In the case group, MMSE score had a statistically significant increasing trend between T0 and T2 (14.88±2.95 versus 15.09±3.00; p = 0.040), whereas in the control group, MMSE score showed a statistically significant decrease trend (14.37±2.63 versus 14.03±2.92 p = 0.024). Conclusion:In older patients with AD, a triple therapy with citicoline, memantine, and AChEI was more effective than memantine and AChEI without citicoline in maintaining the MMSE total score after 12 months.

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一项关于胆碱、美金刚和乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂联合治疗阿尔茨海默病老年患者益处的回顾性研究

背景：背景：胞磷胆碱已被证明对认知障碍患者有益。在之前的研究中，美金刚和乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂 (AChEI) 联合治疗比单独使用美金刚或 AChEI 更能维持阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 患者的认知功能。目的：与美金刚和不含胞磷胆碱的 AChEI 相比，评估口服胞磷胆碱、美金刚和 AChEI 联合治疗 AD 的有效性和安全性。方法：这是一项回顾性多中心病例对照研究，在意大利认知障碍和痴呆症中心进行。总共招募了 170 名患者（男性的 34.11%，平均年龄 76,81±4.93 岁）：48.8% 接受美金刚和多奈哌齐治疗；48.2% 与美金刚和利凡斯的明；2.9% 与美金刚和加兰他敏。89 名患者（对照组）接受了美金刚和 AChEI 治疗，而 81 名患者（病例组）接受了口服胞磷胆碱 1000 毫克/天加美金刚和口服 AChEI 治疗。在基线、第 6 个月和第 12 个月评估认知功能、日常生活活动、日常生活工具性活动、合并症、情绪和行为障碍。 结果：在病例组中，MMSE 评分在 T0 和T2（14.88±2.95 vs 15.09±3.00；p = 0.040），而在对照组中，MMSE 评分显示出统计学上显着的下降趋势（14.37±2.63 vs 14.03±2.92 p = 0.024）。结论：对于老年 AD 患者，胞磷胆碱、美金刚、