This article presents a small-area Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE) transceiver (TRX) for short-range Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications in 65-nm CMOS. An integrated Radio-Frequency Input-Output (RFIO) circuitry embedded with transmitter/receiver (TX/RX) switch function and on-chip impedance matching is proposed. A hybrid-loop TRX structure based on a wide-bandwidth fractional-N digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) is implemented to achieve the maximum power reduction. A −94dBm receiver sensitivity is achieved with 2.3mW receiver power consumption, while a RF receiving bypass route integration enhances the input power tolerance. The BLE transceiver delivers −6dBm output power while consuming 2.6mW and delivers 0dBm output power while achieving 18.5% maximum TX efficiency. Thanks to the RFIO with harmonic suppression, −56dBc of 2 $^{\mathrm{ nd}}$ -order harmonic distortion (HD2) and −48dBc of 3 $^{\mathrm{ rd}}$ -order harmonic distortion (HD3) suppression are achieved with 0.85mm² on-chip area. This transceiver satisfied the BLE radio specification without the need for external filters and with low-power consumption, which enables minimum size and long life-time modules.

中文翻译：

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使用带 T/R 开关的片上谐波抑制 RFIO 电路的 0.85 mm² BLE 收发器

本文介绍了一种用于 65 纳米 CMOS 中的短距离物联网 (IoT) 应用的小面积蓝牙低功耗 (BLE) 收发器 (TRX)。提出了一种集成的射频输入输出 (RFIO) 电路，其中嵌入了发射器/接收器 (TX/RX) 开关功能和片上阻抗匹配。实现了基于宽带分数 N 数字锁相环 (DPLL) 的混合环 TRX 结构，以实现最大的功率降低。-94dBm 接收器灵敏度以 2.3mW 接收器功耗实现，而 RF 接收旁路路由集成增强了输入功率容限。BLE 收发器提供 -6dBm 输出功率，同时消耗 2.6mW，提供 0dBm 输出功率，同时实现 18.5% 的最大 TX 效率。得益于具有谐波抑制功能的 RFIO，−56dBc of 2 $^{\mathrm{ nd}}$ -阶谐波失真 (HD2) 和 −48dBc of 3 $^{\mathrm{ rd}}$ 0.85mm ²片上面积实现了次谐波失真 (HD3) 抑制。该收发器满足 BLE 无线电规范，无需外部滤波器且功耗低，可实现最小尺寸和长寿命的模块。